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增强现实显示技术综述

史晓刚 薛正辉 李会会 王丙杰 李双龙

史晓刚, 薛正辉, 李会会, 王丙杰, 李双龙. 增强现实显示技术综述[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2021, 14(5): 1146-1161. doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0032
引用本文: 史晓刚, 薛正辉, 李会会, 王丙杰, 李双龙. 增强现实显示技术综述[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2021, 14(5): 1146-1161. doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0032
SHI Xiao-gang, XUE Zheng-hui, LI Hui-hui, WANG Bing-jie, LI Shuang-long. Review of augmented reality display technology[J]. Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(5): 1146-1161. doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0032
Citation: SHI Xiao-gang, XUE Zheng-hui, LI Hui-hui, WANG Bing-jie, LI Shuang-long. Review of augmented reality display technology[J]. Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(5): 1146-1161. doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0032

增强现实显示技术综述

doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0032
基金项目: 北京市科学技术委员会资助(No. Z191100004819005)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    史晓刚(1990—),男,北京人,北京理工大学博士研究生,2013年于北京理工大学获得学士学位,主要从事增强现实显示技术方面的研究。E-mail:shixiaogang@xloong.com

    薛正辉(1970—),男,上海人,北京理工大学教授、博士生导师,1992年、1995年、2002年于北京理工大学分别获得学士、硕士、博士学位,主要从事电子科学与技术的研究。E-mail:zhxue@bit.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TN27;TB133

Review of augmented reality display technology

Funds: Supported by Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission(No. Z191100004819005)
More Information
  • 摘要: 增强现实显示技术近年来发展迅速,已成为全球信息技术及产业的研究热点和发展重点,有望彻底改变人们感知和处理各种数字信息的方式。同时,微显示技术和光学技术的最新进展为增强现实显示技术的进一步发展指明了方向。本文分析了人眼视觉系统对增强现实头戴式显示器的光学性能要求,将目前增强现实头戴式显示器可实现的规格与之进行比较,说明了现阶段增强现实显示技术的发展水平和面临的主要挑战;重点阐述了增强现实显示技术中各种微显示器和光学组合器的基本原理和所能达到的参数指标,说明了它们的技术先进性和可实现性,同时对它们的发展前景进行了展望。

     

  • 图 1  (a)人眼视场角分布[5];(b)人眼观察真实景象时,会聚距离与调焦距离一致;(c)人眼观察显示屏上的虚拟物体时,会聚距离与调焦距离不一致

    Figure 1.  (a) The profile of human FOV[5]; (b) accommodation cue coincides with vergence cue when viewing a real object; (c) accommodation cue mismatches with vergence cue when viewing a virtual object displayed at a fixed plane

    图 2  LCoS结构示意图[25]

    Figure 2.  Schematic diagram of LCoS structure[25]

    图 3  基于LCoS结构的一种AR头戴式显示器的光学系统示意图[25]

    Figure 3.  Schematic diagram of an LCoS based AR head-mounted display optical system[25]

    图 4  DLP结构示意图

    Figure 4.  Schematic diagram of DLP structure

    图 5  微型OLED结构示意图

    Figure 5.  Schematic diagram of micro-OLED structure

    图 6  μLED结构示意图

    Figure 6.  Schematic diagram of μLED structure

    图 7  视网膜扫描显示系统示意图

    Figure 7.  Schematic diagram of retinal scanning display

    图 8  Birdbath结构示意图

    Figure 8.  Structure diagram of Birdbath optical combiner

    图 9  自由曲面反射镜结构示意图

    Figure 9.  Structure diagram of freeform mirror optical combiner

    图 10  自由曲面棱镜结构示意图

    Figure 10.  Structure diagram of freeform prism optical combiner

    图 11  阵列波导结构示意图

    Figure 11.  Structure diagram of cascaded mirrors optical combiner

    图 12  各种表面浮雕光栅结构示意图[53]。(a)矩形光栅;(b)倾斜光栅;(c)闪耀光栅和(d)模拟光栅

    Figure 12.  Structure diagram of various SRGs[53]. (a) Rectangular grating; (b) slanted grating; (c) blazed grating and (d) analog grating

    图 13  光栅波导结构示意图

    Figure 13.  Structure diagram of grating waveguide optical combiner

    图 14  HoloLens V1光学组合器示意图[53]

    Figure 14.  Structure diagram of HoloLens V1 optical combiner[53]

    图 15  Magic Leap One光学组合器示意图[53]

    Figure 15.  Structure diagram of Magic Leap One optical combiner[53]

    图 16  光栅条纹结构示意图

    Figure 16.  Schematic diagram of grating stripe structure

    图 17  全息光学元件波导组合器示意图[4]

    Figure 17.  Schematic diagram of holographic optical element waveguide combiner[4]

    图 18  离轴全息光学元件组合器示意图[4]

    Figure 18.  Schematic diagram of off-axis holographic optical element combiner[4]

    图 19  体全息光栅波导组合器示意图

    Figure 19.  Schematic diagram of volume holographic grating waveguide combiner

    图 20  偏振体光栅结构示意图[67]

    Figure 20.  Structure diagram of polarization volume grating[67]

    表  1  几种AR微显示器之间的性能对比

    Table  1.   Performance comparison of different types of AR micro-displays

    LCoSDLPOLEDμLEDMEMS RSD
    成熟度中等中等
    亮度(nits)${10^4}$~${10^5}$${10^4}$~${10^5}$${10^3}$~${10^4}$${10^5}$~${10^6}$$ > {10^4}$
    对比度~${10^3}:1$~${10^3}:1$~${10^4}:1$~${10^5}:1$~${10^5}:1$
    光效中等
    体积中等
    光学系统复杂度中等中等
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  AR光学组合器的性能对比

    Table  2.   Performance comparison of AR optical combiners

    效率体积带宽视场角色彩均匀性批量生产工艺
    Birdbath$ < 25\% $~$52^\circ $良好注塑/涂层
    自由曲面反射镜$ < 50\% $~$90^\circ $良好注塑/涂层
    自由曲面棱镜$ < 50\% $~$120^\circ $良好注塑/涂层
    阵列波导$ < 20\% $中等~$40^\circ $良好切割/涂层/抛光
    SRG$ < 10\% $中等~$52^\circ $需要补偿纳米压印
    离轴全息透镜$ < 20\% $~$15^\circ $需要补偿曝光
    传统体全息光栅$ < 10\% $中等~$40^\circ $需要补偿曝光
    HPDLC$ < 10\% $中等中等~$50^\circ $曝光
    PVG$ < 10\% $中等中等~$50^\circ $曝光
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-02-01
  • 修回日期:  2021-03-30
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-05-15
  • 刊出日期:  2021-09-18

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