| Citation: | CHEN Guan-xu, ZHAO Ding-fan, WANG Hong-yang, WU Di, ZHANG Zi-jing, ZHAO Yuan. Research on missing tooth detection of gear-shaped targets based on beam orbital angular momentum scanning[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2026-0056
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Conventional detection methods based on OAM intensity spectra can identify the presence of gear defects but fail to determine the specific azimuthal positions of missing teeth due to the loss of phase information. To address this limitation, this study simulates the scanning of intact and defective gears using vortex beams with varying topological charges. By incorporating a four-step phase-shifting algorithm based on ideal plane waves, we construct an OAM complex spectrum that retains helical phase information. This spectrum extracts the azimuthal characteristics of the gear, enabling the accurate determination of both the position and the index of missing teeth. Furthermore, this study investigates the impact of base circle parameters and tooth height on defect measurements in non-trivial sector targets. The results demonstrate that the relative amplitude difference between defective and adjacent intact gear signals is highly dependent on these geometric parameters. Specifically, when the fundamental mode waist radius is fixed at 6 mm, increasing the tooth height from 2 mm to 4 mm enhances the signal amplitude difference, whereas increasing the base circle radius from 10 mm to 14 mm diminishes it. Ultimately, this research provides preliminary insights and a viable pathway toward high-precision, non-contact gear defect localization based on the OAM scanning.
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