| Citation: | SUN Hao-nan, WANG Lin, JIN Ji-liang, LIU Xue-lian, GAO Peng, YU Xiao-ning, WANG Chun-yang. Research on Calibration method for TIADC based on multi-channel all-phase FFT frequency discriminator[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2026-0082
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Time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs) overcome the sampling rate bottleneck of monolithic ADCs and enable ultra-high-speed broadband acquisition of optical signals in applications such as laser 3D imaging lidar and high-speed optical communication systems. However, their practical performance is fundamentally limited by inter-channel mismatches in offset, gain, and sampling timing, which introduce pronounced spurious components and nonlinear distortion. Such errors directly degrade the sampling accuracy of laser echo signals and impair system ranging and demodulation performance. To address this issue, this paper proposes an all-digital TIADC calibration algorithm based on a multi-channel all-phase fast Fourier transform (FFT) frequency discriminator. A two-stage low-pass filtering and interpolation reconstruction architecture is devised, paired with the multi-channel all-phase FFT frequency discriminator. By exploiting the phase invariance property of all-phase FFT and the phase correlation of multi-channel sampling, the proposed method achieves high-precision frequency estimation and interval discrimination of input signals, which eliminates the inherent high-frequency performance deterioration of traditional algorithms. Integrated with a least mean square (LMS) adaptive filtering framework, the algorithm realizes synchronous joint calibration of offset, gain, and sampling timing mismatch errors. A 4-channel TIADC experimental platform with a total sampling rate of 2 GHz is constructed based on MATLAB and FPGA for performance verification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed frequency discriminator maintains a frequency interval discrimination accuracy of 96.7% even at an extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of −5 dB. After calibration, the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the system is improved from 19.8 dB to 81.2 dB, and the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) reaches 73.8 dB. The proposed algorithm operates without dedicated calibration signals and exhibits outstanding calibration performance under low-SNR conditions, providing core technical support for high-speed, high-precision sampling systems in optical fields including lidar and high-speed optical communication.
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