| Citation: | LI Yang, JING Xu, QIN Lai-an, CHENG Yi-lun, WANG Gang-yu, HOU Zai-hong. Progress in research on the effects of atmospheric refraction and correction techniques[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2024-0101
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The study of atmospheric refraction is an ancient subject that has been explored by scholars since the latter half of the 20th century and remains a challenging and significant area of study. This paper presents various aspects related to atmospheric refraction to gain insight into the advances in this field. It divides the effects of atmospheric refraction into two categories: the visible to infrared bands, which are used in research fields such as optical imaging, laser transmission, and optoelectronic tracking, as well as the radio bands, in radar measurements and satellite detection. The calculation formulas for these two bands are different in their practical treatment. According to the history of the development of refractive index formulas, this paper points out the limitations of each formula. The current best choice for the former formula is the one summarized by Rüeger scholars, while for the latter it is recommended to choose the radio refractive index formula in the Rec. ITU-R P.453-14. In addition, the relationship between the refractive index of the Earth's surface and altitude, reference data for the refractive index on a global scale, and statistical distributions for the calculation of the refractive index gradient are given in the recommendation. Finally, traditional calculation methods for obtaining atmospheric refraction and optical observation methods are presented, with the former study being based on the modeling of atmospheric patterns or meteorological data, formulae for refractive indices in specific regions, or model fitting to satisfy accuracy in a single environment or on an average scale. The optical measurement method does not need the atmospheric model as the basis, not to mention relying on meteorological parameters, and the measurement results of the data in real-time, more representative of the path, can make up for some of the shortcomings of the traditional way, more in line with the development trend of the future.
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