Overview of beam steering technology based on rotational double prisms

[1] DILLON T E,SCHUETZ C A,MARTIN R D,et al.. Nonmechanical beam steering using optical phased arrays[J]. SPIE,2011,8184:81840F. [2] 孙辉,郎小龙,李志强,等.动载体光电平台视轴稳定精度的检测[J].光学 精密工程,2011,19(9):2131-2137. SUN H,LANG X L,LI ZH Q,et al.. Measurement for LOS stabilization accuracy of electro-optical imaging system on moving carrier[J]. Opt. Precision Eng.,2011,19(9):2131-2137.(in Chinese) [3] 李焱,曹立华,王弟男.惯导平台下舰载光电搜索跟踪系统的控制[J].光学 精密工程,2011,19(5):1126-1133. LI Y,CAO L H,WANG D N. Controlling of shipborne optoelectronic searching and tracking system based on inertial navigation platform[J]. Opt. Precision Eng.,2011,19(5):1126-1133.(in Chinese) [4] CHEN C B. Beam steering and pointing with counter-rotating grisms[J]. SPIE,2007,6714:671409. [5] WINSOR R,BRAUNSTEIN M. Conformal beam steering apparatus for simultaneous manipulation of optical and radio frequency signals[J]. SPIE,2006,6215:62150G. [6] SCHWARZE C R,VAILLANCOURT R,CARLSON D,et al.. Risley-prism based compact laser beam steering for IRCM, laser communications, and laser radar[EB/OL].[2012-07-11].http://www.optra.com/images/TP-Compact-Beam-Steering.pdf. [7] ULANDER K. Two-axis beam steering mirror control system for precision pointing and tracking applications[D]. Sanluis Obispo,CA:Faculty of California Polytechnic State University,2006. [8] KIM B S,GIBSON S,TSAO T. Adaptive control of a tilt mirror for laser beam steering[C]//American Control Conference,2004. Proc. of the 2004,Boston,MA,USA,Jun.30-Jul.2,2004. [9] SCHWARZE C. A new look at risley prisms[J]. Photonics Spectra,2005,40(6):67-70. [10] LI A,JIANG X,SUN J,et al.. Laser coarse fine coupling scanning method by steering double prisms[J]. Appl. Opt.,2012,51(3):356-364. [11] SCHUNDLER E,CARLSON D,VAILLANCOURT R,et al.. Compact, wide field DRS explosive detector[J]. SPIE,2011,8018:80181O. [12] CLARK C S,GENTILE S. Flight miniature Risley prism mechanism[J]. SPIE,2009,7429:74290G. [13] II W C W,DIMARZIO C A. Dual-wedge scanning confocal reflectance microscope[J]. Optics Lett.,2007,32(15):2140-2142. [14] SANCHEZ M,GUTOW D. Control laws for a three-element Risley prism optical beam pointer[J]. SPIE,2006,6304:630403. [15] HARVEY J E. Geometrical optics and image science(OSE 5203):plane mirrors and prisms[EB/OL].[2012-07-11].http://imaging.creol.ucf.edu/OSE5203/02%20Lectures//.0%Infro.pdf. [16] MARSHALL G F. Risley prism scan patterns[J]. SPIE,1999,3787:74-86. [17] LI Y. Closed form analytical inverse solutions for Risley-prism-based beam steering systems in different configurations[J]. Appl. Opt.,2011,50(22):4302-4309. [18] YANG Y. Analytic solution of free space optical beam steering using risley prisms[J]. J. Lightwave Technol.,2008,26(21):3576-3583. [19] BOISSET G C,ROBERTSON B,HINTON H S. Design and construction of an active alignment demonstrator for a free-space optical interconnect[J]. Photonics Technology Lett.,1995,7(6):676-679. [20] LAVIGNE V,RICARD B. Fast Risley prisms camera steering system:calibration and image distortions correction through the use of a three-dimensional refraction model[J]. Optical Eng.,2007,46(4):43201. [21] OSTASZEWSKI M,HARFORD S,DOUGHTY N,et al.. Risley prism beam pointer[J]. SPIE,2006,6304:630406. [22] WOLFE W L,ZISSIS G J. Optical-mechanical Scanning Techniques and Devices[M]. Michigan,US:Environmental Research Institute of Michigan,1989. [23] JEON Y. Generalization of the first-order formula for analysis of scan patterns of Risley prisms[J]. Optical Eng.,2011,50(11):113002. [24] LI Y. Third-order theory of the Risley-prism-based beam steering system[J]. Appl. Opt.,2011,50(5):679-686. [25] ZEMAX D C. Optical Design Program User's Guide[M]. Tusson,AZ:Focus Software,Incorporated,2005. [26] GARCIA-TORALES G,STROJNIK M,PAEZ G. Risley prisms to control wave-front tilt and displacement in a vectorial shearing interferometer[J]. Appl. Opt.,2002,41(7):1380-1384. [27] SIROHI R S,KOTHIYAL M P. Double wedge plate shearing interferometer for collimation test[J]. Appl. Opt.,1987,26:4054-4055. [28] AMIRAULT C T,DIMARZIO C A. Precision pointing using a dual-wedge scanner[J]. Appl. Opt.,1985,24(9):1302-1308. [29] DEGNAN J J. Ray matrix approach for the real time control of SLR2000 optical elements[C]//Proc. of the 14th International Workshop on Laser Ranging,San Fernando,Spain,Jun.7-11,2004. [30] JENKINS F R,WHITE H E. Fundamentals of Optics Fourth Edition[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,2001. [31] WOLFE W L. Introduction to Infrared System Design[M]. Bellingham:SPIE,Verlage,1996. [32] HORNG J,LI Y. Error sources and their impact on the performance of dual-wedge beam steering systems[J]. Appl. Opt.,2012,51(18):4168-4175. [33] SUN J,LIU L,YUN M,et al.. Double prisms for two-dimensional optical satellite relative-trajectory simulator[J]. SPIE,2004,5550:411-418. [34] GARCIA-TORALES G,FLORES J L,MUNOZ R X. High precision prism scanning system[J]. SPIE,2007,6422:64220X. [35] WEI L,LIREN L,JIANFENG S. Control loop analysis of the complex axis in satellite laser communications[J]. SPIE,2010,7814:781410. [36] SUN J,LIU L,YUN M,et al.. Distortion of beam shape by a rotating double-prism wide-angle laser beam scanner[J]. Optical Eng.,2006,45(4):43001-43004. [37] SASIAN J M. Aberrations from a prism and a grating[J]. Appl. Opt.,2000,39(1):34-39. [38] LACOURSIERE J,DOUCET M,CURATU E O,et al.. Large-deviation achromatic Risley prisms pointing systems[J]. SPIE,2002,4773:123-131. [39] CURATU E O,CHEVRETTE P C,ST-GERMAIN D. Rotating-prism scanning system to equip an NFOV camera lens[J]. SPIE,1999,3779:154-164. [40] BOS P J,GARCIA H,SERGAN V. Wide-angle achromatic prism beam steering for infrared countermeasures and imaging applications:solving the singularity problem in the two-prism design[J]. Optical Eng.,2007,46(11):113001. [41] DUNCAN B D,BOS P J,SERGAN V. Wide-angle achromatic prism beam steering for infrared countermeasure applications[J]. Optical Eng.,2003,42(4):1038-1047. [42] GIBSON J L,DUNCAN B D,BOS P,et al.. Wide angle beam steering for infrared countermeasures applications[J]. SPIE,2002,4723:100-307. [43] FLOREA C,SANGHERA J,AGGARWAL I. Broadband beam steering using chalcogenide-based Risley prisms[J]. Optical Eng.,2011,50(3):33001. [44] WEBER D C,TROLINGER J D,NICHOLS R G,et al.. Diffractively corrected Risley prism for infrared imaging[J]. SPIE,2000,4025:79-86. [45] SPARROLD S W. Beam steering optical arrangement using risley prisms with surface contours for aberration correction:US6344937B1[P].2002-2-5. [46] JACKSON J E. Conformal beam steering devices having a minimal volume and window area utilizing risley prisms and diffraction gratings[P]. 2007-2-1. [47] ROSELL F A. Prism scanner[J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am.,1960,50:521-526. [48] DAS S,OLSEN R,MEAGHER C,et al.. New approaches to directional antenna technologies for unmanned system communications[C]//Antennas and Propagation Socity International Symposium(APSURSI),2010,IEEE,Toronto,CA,Jul.11-17,2010. [49] RUPAR M,FREEMAN A,VOREES B,et al.. A Tactical Reachback Extended Communications(TREC) capability[C]//The 2010 Military Communications Conference,2010:255-260. [50] TAME B J,STUTZKE N A. Steerable Risley prism antennas with low side lobes in the Ka band[C]//Wireless Information Technology and Systems(ICWITS),2010 IEEE International Conference on Honolulu,HI,Aug.28-Sept.3,2010. [51] DEGNAN J,MCGARRY J,ZAGWODZKI T,et al.. Transmitter point-ahead using dual risley prisms:theory and experiment[C]//Proc. of the 16th International Workshop on Laser Ranging,Poznan,Poland,Oct.12-17,2008. [52] AFZAL R S,YU A,DALLAS J L. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System(GLAS) laser transmitter[J]. IEEE J,Selected Topics In Quantum Electronics,2007,13(3):511-536. [53] HAKUN C,BUDINOFF J,BROWN G,et al.. A boresight adjustment mechanism for use on laser altimeters[C]//37th Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium. Johnson Space Center,Houston,US,May 19-21,2004. [54] LUAN Z,LIU L,WANG L,et al.. Large-optics white light interferometer for laser wavefront test:apparatus and application[J]. SPIE,2008,7091:70910Q. [55] WANG L,LIU L,LUAN Z,et al.. The mechanical design of the large-optics double-shearing interferometer for the test of the diffraction-limited wave front[J]. SPIE,2008,7091:70910S. [56] SUN J,LIU L,YUN M,et al.. The effect of the rotating double-prism wide-angle laser beam scanner on the beam shape[J]. Optik,2005,116:553-556. [57] LI A,LIU L,SUN J,et al.. Research on a scanner for tilting orthogonal double prisms[J]. Appl. Opt.,2006,45:8063-8069. [58] DIMARZIO C,KRAUSE M,RCHANDLER,et al.. Airborne lidar dual wedge scanner:eleventh international laser radar conference[C]//Eleventh International Laser Radar Conference,University of Wisconsin-Madison:NASA,Jun.21-25,1982. [59] DIMARZIO C,HARRIS C,BILBRO J W,et al.. Pulsed laser doppler measurements of wind shear[J]. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc.,1979,60:1061. [60] MARINO R M,DAVIS W R. Jigsaw:a foliage-penetrating 3D imaging laser radar system[J]. Lincoln Laboratory J.,2005,15(1):23-36. [61] DEGNAN J,MACHAN R,LEVENTHAL E,et al.. Inflight performance of a second generation,photon counting, 3D imaging lidar[J]. SPIE,2008,6950:695001. [62] CHEN C W. Optical device with a steerable light path:US,7813644B2[P].2010-10-12. [63] CHU C. Double Risley prism pairs for optical beam steering and alignment:US,20040057656[P].2004-3-25. [64] SNYDER J J. Single channel M X N optical fiber switch:US,6636664B2[P].2003-10-21. [65] CORMACK R H. 1XN Optical fiber switch:US,6597829B2[P].2003-7-22. [66] SWEATT W C. Optical switch using Risley prisms:US,6549700B1[P].2003-4-15. [67] 朱勇建,那景新,潘卫清,等.条纹周期动态可调的通用型干涉仪[J].光学 精密工程,2012,20(1):109-116. ZHU Y J,NA J X,PAN W Q,et al.. Universal interferometer based on dynamically-adjusted fringe periods[J]. Opt. Precision Eng.,2012,20(1):109-116.(in Chinese) [68] GARCIA-TORALES G,FLORES J L,ALVAREZ-BORREGO J. Alignment of vectorial shearing interferometer using a simple recognition algorithm[J]. SPIE,2008,7073:707321. [69] GARCIA-TORALES G,FLORES J L. Vectorial shearing interferometer with a high resolution phase shifter[J]. SPIE,2007,6723:672330. [70] PAEZ G,STROJNIK M. Versatility of the vectorial shearing interferometer[J]. SPIE,2002,4486:513-522. [71] ADAMS D J. Scanner/pointer apparatus having super-hemispherical coverage:US,7336407B1[P].2008-2-26. [72] SPARROLD S W. Missile seeker having a beam steering optical arrangement using Risley prisms:US,6343767B1[P].2002-2-5. [73] WINSOR R S. Security camera system and method of steering beams to alter a field of view:US,2009/0079824A1[P].2009-3-26. [74] LAVIGNE V,RICARD B. Step-stare image gathering for high-resolution targeting ADA472001[R]. U.S. Department of Commerce,National Technical Information Service,2005. [75] TAO X,CHO H,JANABI-SHARIFI F. Optical design of a variable view imaging system with the combination of a telecentric scanner and double wedge prisms[J]. Appl. Opt.,2010,49(2):239-246. [76] II W C W,GUERRERA S A. Efficient confocal microscopy with a dual-wedge scanner[J]. SPIE,2009,7184:71840M. [77] LU H D,CHEN G,TS'O D Y,et al.. A rapid topographic mapping and eye alignment method using optical imaging in Macaque visual cortex[J]. Neuro Image,2009,44:636-646. [78] STAHL J S,LEHMKUHLE M,WU K,et al.. Prospects for treating acquired pendular nystagmus with servo controlled optics[J]. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,2000,41(5):1084-1090. [79] DUMA V,ROLLANDA J P,PODOLEANUC A G. Perspectives of optical scanning in OCT [J]. SPIE,2010,7556:75560B. [80] KIM K,KIM D,MATSUMIYA K. Wide FOV wedge prism endoscope[C]. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE-EMBS,27th Annual International Conference,Shanghai,China,Sept.1-4,2005. [81] SOUVESTRE F,HAFEZ M,REGNIER S. DMD-based multi-target laser tracking for motion capturing[J]. SPIE,2010,7596:75960B. [82] RANA H S. Lens technology incorporating internal pan/tilt and zoom[J]. SPIE,2008,7100:710001. [83] DOUGLASS G G,HINDSLEY R B,WORLEY C E. Speckle interferometry at the us naval observatory. I.[J]. The Astrophysical J. Supplement Series,1997,111(7):289-334. [84] LI Y,LI L,HUANG Y. Conformal optical design using counterrotating wedges and Zernike fringe sag surfaces[J]. SPIE,2008,7133:713340. [85] AYERS G J,CIAMPA M A,VRANOS N A. Holographic optical beam-steering[EB/OL].(2010-10-13)[2012-07-11].http://www.wpi.edu//Pups/E-project/Availabel/E-project-101310-153124/unrestricted/HOBS-Final-presentation.pdf.