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摘要:
目的： 为降低激光制导导引头的失调角误差，在光学设计方面优化能量信号质量。方法： 基于像差理论结合光学设计软件的计算功能获得设计起点；分别从光学结构形式和像差平衡优化角度入手对光学系统逐步迭代设计。通过控制像方远心增强光斑的对称性以提高测角精度；通过对光学塑料材料的性能分析，论证了采用光学塑料制造导引头光学结构的可行性。结果： 最终完成焦距为71.6 mm，F/#为1的光学系统设计，边缘视场主光线远心度小于6 mrad；在工作温度范围内，光斑尺寸的稳定性优于0.4%；全视场最大畸变小于0.5%，在±2°视场范围内的光斑线性度与能量响应一致性均能满足精确制导要求。结论： 基于最小初阶像差的结构设计思路可以用于折反系统的优化，该方法可为同类导引头光学结构设计提供借鉴。Abstract:In order to minimize misalignment angle errors in laser-guided seekers, we have optimized the quality of energy signals through advanced optical design techniques. The initial design parameters were derived by integrating aberration theory with sophisticated optical design software. We then employed an iterative design process for the optical system, focusing on both the optimization of the optical structure and the balance of aberrations. To enhance angular measurement precision, we improved the symmetry of the light spot by carefully controlling the image-side telecentric condition. Furthermore, a comprehensive performance analysis of optical plastic materials demonstrated the viability of using these materials in the manufacture of the seeker’s optical structure. Our final optical system design boasts a focal length of 71.6mm and an F/# of 1, with the edge field chief ray telecentric maintained below 6mrad. In the operating temperature range, the stability of spot size is better than 0.4% and the maximum distortion of the full field of view is less than 0.5%. Notably, within a ±2° field of view, both the light spot linearity and energy response consistency meet the stringent requirements for precision guidance. The structural design methodology we employed, which focuses on minimizing primary aberrations, can be effectively applied to the optimization of catadioptric systems, thus serving as a valuable reference for the optical structure design of similar seekers.
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Key words:
- laser guidance /
- aplanatic lens /
- catadioptric /
- optical design
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表 1 光学系统参数
Table 1. Specifications of optical system
参数 数值 瞬时视场(°) ±2 搜索视场(°) ±20 工作波段(μm) 1.064 探测器尺寸(mm) Φ10 F/# 1 EFL(mm) 71.6 
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表 2 材料比较[9]
Table 2. Comparison of different materials
材料 相对密度（g/cm3） 负荷变形温度（°C） 铝 2.7 - 光学玻璃 2.27~6.26 ≤600 PMMA 1.19 92 SAN 1.07 104 COP 1.01 122
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表 3 不同结构的像差对比
Table 3. Aberrations of different structures
参数 R1 R2 k1 k2 数值 −103.857 −45.628 −1.136 −12.117 Seidel SⅠ SⅡ SⅢ
-RC 0 0 0.051 Catadioptric 0 0 0
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