Lyot-Sagnac与Fabry-Pérot级联增敏的光纤温度传感器

张国生; 陈宇雷; 柴国强; 韩建宁

doi:10.37188/CO.2025-0068

Lyot-Sagnac与Fabry-Pérot级联增敏的光纤温度传感器

doi: 10.37188/CO.2025-0068

cstr: 32171.14.CO.2025-0068

山西师范大学物理与信息工程学院, 山西太原 030031

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（No.62405003，No.62201333）；山西省基础研究计划（No.202203021222220）

详细信息

作者简介:
张国生（1989—），男，山西大同人，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，2021年于安徽大学物理与光电工程学院获得物理电子学专业博士学位，主要从事光纤传感器的制作及应用方面的研究。E-mail：opticalzgs@163.com

陈宇雷（1991—），男，山西临汾人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，2020年于中北大学仪器与电子学院获得仪器科学与技术专业博士学位，主要从事量子传感与精密测量方面的研究。E-mail：cyl029@126.com

柴国强（1989—），男，山西临汾人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，2021年于中北大学信息与通信工程学院获得信息与通信工程专业博士学位，主要从事图像处理与深度学习方面的研究。E-mail：guoqiangchai@163.com

韩建宁（1980—），男，山西晋城人，博士，教授，博士生导师，2015年于中北大学信息与通信工程学院获得信号与信息系统专业博士学位，主要从事智能传感方面的研究。E-mail：hanjn46@nuc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TP394.1;TH691.9
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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-09

Sensitivity-enhanced fiber-optic temperature sensor using cascaded Lyot-Sagnac and Fabry-Pérot interferometers

School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China

Funds: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62405003, No. 62201333); Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province (No. 202203021222220)

More Information

Corresponding author: opticalzgs@163.com

摘要

摘要:
为了有效提高检测灵敏度和实用性，本文提出了一种基于游标效应增敏的Lyot-Sagnac传感结构与Fabry-Pérot干涉仪（FPI）级联的光纤温度传感器。其中，Lyot-Sagnac传感结构是通过90°旋转熔接不同长度保偏光纤（PMF）制作而成的，FPI是利用空芯光子晶体光纤作为F-P腔制作的。理论分析结果表明，通过90°旋转熔接方法制作的Lyot-Sagnac传感结构输出光谱包络良好，与FPI级联利用游标效应能够显著提高传感器温度检测灵敏度。实验结果表明，级联传感器分别以Lyot-Sagnac传感结构中不同长度的PMF作为传感部位时，温度检测灵敏度为12.56 nm/°C和 92.77 nm/°C。相比于单独的Lyot-Sagnac干涉结构，本文提出的传感器灵敏度提升了约57倍。此外，在同一测量带宽下，PMF₁模式的测量范围是PMF₂模式的9.3倍。因此，相较于传统游标效应光纤温度传感器，本文提出的双响应模式温度传感器不仅具有良好的检测灵敏度，而且利用同一光谱检测设备可有效适配不同检测范围与灵敏度需求的应用场景，为性能可调式光纤温度传感器的研发提供了一种新思路。
- 光纤温度传感器 /
- Lyot-Sagnac结构 /
- 游标效应 /
- Fabry-Pérot干涉仪
Abstract:
To effectively enhance detection sensitivity and practicality, this paper proposes a fiber-optic temperature sensor based on a cascaded Lyot-Sagnac sensing structure sensitized by the Vernier effect and a Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI). The Lyot-Sagnac structure is fabricated by splicing polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) of different lengths with a 90° rotation, while the FPI is constructed using a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) as the Fabry-Pérot cavity. The results of theoretical analysis demonstrates that the Lyot-Sagnac structure fabricated via the 90° rotated splicing method exhibits a well-defined output spectral envelope. When cascaded with an FPI, it can significantly improve temperature detection sensitivity through the Vernier effect. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the cascaded sensor is 12.56 nm/°C and 92.77 nm/°C when utilizing PMFs of different lengths in the Lyot-Sagnac sensor structure as the sensing regions. Compared to the standalone Lyot-Sagnac interferometeric structure, the sensitivity of the proposed sensor is improved by approximately 57 times. In addition, under the same measurement bandwidth, the measurement range of PMF₁ mode is 9.3 times that of PMF₂ mode. Therefore, compared to the traditional vernier-effect-based fiber-optic temperature sensors, the dual-response-mode temperature sensor proposed in this paper not only exhibits superior detection sensitivity, but also enables effective adaptation to application scenarios requiring different detection ranges and sensitivity levels using the same spectral detection equipment, providing a new idea for developing tunable-performance fiber-optic temperature sensors.
- fiber-optic temperature sensor /
- Lyot-Sagnac structure /
- vernier effect /
- Fabry-Pérot interferometer

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图 1 基于Lyot-Sagnac传感结构与FPI级联的光纤传感器结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the fiber-optic sensor structure based on a Lyot-Sagnac sensing configuration cascaded with a FPI

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 传感器所用光纤的端面表征。（a）PMF；（b）HCPCF

Figure 2. End-face characterization of optical fibers used in the sensor. (a) PMF; (b) HCPCF

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 单一Lyot-Sagnac传感结构实验装置示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for a single Lyot-Sagnac sensing configuration

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图 4 级联结构传感器实验装置示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for the cascaded sensor configuration

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图 5 单一Lyot-Sagnac传感结构、FPI和级联传感器的输出光谱仿真结果

Figure 5. Simulation results of output spectra for a single Lyot-Sagnac sensing configuration, FPI and cascaded sensor

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图 6 当B₂不变改变B₁系数时，传感结构的温度响应仿真计算结果。（a）单一Lyot-Sagnac结构；（b）级联传感器

Figure 6. Simulated temperature response characteristics of the sensing structure when B₂ remains constant and B₁ is varied. (a) Standalone Lyot-Sagnac interferometer; (b) cascaded sensor

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图 7 当B₁不变改变B₂系数时，传感结构的温度响应仿真计算结果。（a）单一Lyot-Sagnac结构；（b）级联传感器

Figure 7. Simulated temperature response characteristics of the sensing structure when B₁ remains constand and B₂ is varied. (a) Standalone Lyot-Sagnac interferometer; (b) cascaded sensor

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图 8 Lyot-Sagnac结构、FPI和级联传感器的透射光谱

Figure 8. Transmission spectra of the Lyot-Sagnac structure, FPI and cascaded sensor

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图 9 单一Lyot-Sagnac结构中PMF₁作为传感部位的温度响应图谱。（a）干涉图谱；（b）线性拟合结果

Figure 9. Temperature response spectra of PMF₁ as the sensing element in a single Lyot-Sagnac configurations. (a) Interference spectra; (b) linear fitting results

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图 10 单一Lyot-Sagnac结构中PMF₂作为传感部位的温度响应图谱：（a）干涉图谱；（b）线性拟合结果

Figure 10. Temperature response spectra of PMF₂ as the sensing element in a single Lyot-Sagnac configuration. (a) Interference spectra; (b) linear fitting result

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 级联传感器中PMF₁作为传感部位的温度响应图谱。（a）干涉图谱；（b）线性拟合结果

Figure 11. Temperature response spectra of PMF₁ as the sensing element in the cascaded sensor. (a) Interference spectra; (b) linear fitting results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 级联传感器中PMF₂作为传感部位的温度响应图谱：（a）干涉图谱；（b）线性拟合结果

Figure 12. Temperature response spectra of PMF₂ as the sensing element in the cascaded sensor. (a) Interference spectra; (b) linear fitting results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 与其它基于游标效应的光纤温度传感器对比分析

Table 1. Comparative analysis with other Vernier-effect-based fiber-optic temperature sensors

时间	结构	灵敏度/（nm/°C）	参考文献
2021	FSI+FSI	78.984	[28]
2023	FSI+FPI	30.909	[27]
2023	FPI(PDMS)+FPI	16.51	[29]
2024	FPI(PDMS)+FPI	61.11	[30]
2024	FPI(LC)+FPI	42.18	[31]
2025	Lyot-Sagnac+FPI	92.77	本文工作

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