Characterization of multiple scattering effects in dust particles via Mie-T-Matrix coupling and Monte Carlo verification
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摘要:
为精确量化沙尘天气对城市光电系统可见光传输的衰减影响，本研究以呼和浩特地区为例，构建了融合非球形粒子修正的光传输预测模型。基于Mie散射理论，结合本地沙尘样品的扫描电镜与能谱分析数据，计算三基色红绿蓝波段的沙尘粒子消光特性；进而采用T矩阵法对非球形粒子的散射参数进行修正，并利用Monte Carlo方法模拟光子的多次散射过程，系统比较单次与多次散射模型下的衰减率差异。结果表明，单次散射模型会系统性高估衰减率，蓝光波段最大误差达18.3%；经多次散射修正后，衰减率平均降低12.4%。在本例中，能见度为400 m，蓝光衰减率约为95 dB/km，显著高于红光的衰减率（约70 dB/km）。本研究构建的混合模型显著提升了沙尘环境下可见光衰减的预测精度，明确多次散射效应的关键影响，为城市光电系统在沙尘天气下的可见光传输提供了可靠的理论依据与数据支持。
Abstract:To accurately quantify the attenuation of visible light in urban optoelectronic systems during dust weather, we establish a predictive model that integrates corrections for non-spherical particles, using the Hohhot region as a case study. Utilizing Mie scattering theory alongside scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data from local dust samples, the extinction characteristics of dust particles in typical red green and blue wavebands were calculated. Scattering parameters for non-spherical particles were corrected via the T-matrix method. Photon multiple scattering was then simulated with the Monte Carlo method to systematically compare attenuation rates between single and multiple scattering models. The results demonstrate that the single-scattering model systematically overestimates the attenuation rate, with a maximum error of 18.3% in the blue band. After multiple scattering correction, the attenuation rate decreased by an average of 12.4%. In this case, when the visibility is 400 meters, the attenuation rate for blue light was approximately 95 dB/km, significantly exceeding the value of 70 dB/km for red light. The hybrid model developed significantly enhances the prediction accuracy for visible light attenuation in dusty environments, elucidating the critical roles of multiple scattering effects. This work provides a reliable theoretical and data-driven foundation for optimizing urban optoelectronic systems in dust-prone conditions.
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图 1 呼和浩特地区沙尘颗粒的扫描电镜图像。(a) 50.0 k倍率单个沙尘粒子；(b) 20.0 k倍率群沙尘粒子
Figure 1. Scanning electron microscopy images of dust particles from the Hohhot region. (a) Individual dust particle at 50.0k magnification; (b) group of dust particles at 20.0 k magnification
图 2 RGB波段下的各效率因子随沙尘颗粒粒径的变化情况。(a) Qsat、(b) Qext、(c) Qabs与沙尘颗粒粒径的变化关系图
Figure 2. Variation of the efficiency factors with dust particle size in the RGB Bands. (a) Qsat, (b) Qext, (c) Qabs versus dust particle size
图 3 不同粒径沙尘粒子在RGB波段下的归一化散射相函数。(a) 470 nm波长相位图；(b) 517 nm波长相位图；(c) 623 nm波长相位图
Figure 3. Normalized scattering phase functions of dust particles with different sizes in the RGB bands. Scattering phase function at (a) 470 nm, (b) 517 nm and (c) 623 nm
图 4 RGB波段下的单次散射和多重散射的衰减率与可见度关系
Figure 4. The relationship between attenuation rate and visibility for single and multiple scattering under RGB bands
图 5 RGB波段下的单次散射（S）和多重散射（M）的衰减率与可见度关系
Figure 5. The relationship between the attenuation rate and visibility for single (S) and multiple (M) scattering under RGB bands
图 6 沙尘天气可见光传输衰减研究的流程图
Figure 6. Flowchart of visible light transmission-attenuation in dust weather
表 1 EDS分析沙尘样本元素组成
Table 1. EDS analysis of the elemental composition of the dust sample
元素 wt% $ {\sigma }_{\text{1}} $ O 58.91 0.08 Si 29.82 0.07 Al 6.10 0.03 Fe 2.56 0.04 Ca 1.73 0.02 K 0.89 0.02 
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表 2 不同光学能见度下的消光参量
Table 2. Extinction parameter as a function of optical visibility
光学
能见度红光(623 nm) $ \mu $ $ { \omega } $ $ {g} $ 1000 0.055 0.872 0.743 800 0.069 0.867 0.739 600 0.092 0.861 0.734 400 0.138 0.852 0.728 光学
能见度绿光(517nm) $ \mu $ $ { \omega } $ $ {g} $ 1000 0.065 0.858 0.772 800 0.082 0.853 0.768 600 0.109 0.846 0.763 400 0.163 0.837 0.756 光学
能见度蓝光(470 nm) $ \mu $ $ { \omega } $ $ {g} $ 1000 0.075 0.840 0.802 800 0.094 0.834 0.798 600 0.125 0.827 0.793 400 0.187 0.817 0.786
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