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摘要:
为了实现吸热器表面能流分布均匀，提出了一种塔式太阳能电站定日镜瞄准策略优化方法。首先，基于全场定日镜瞬时光学效率的计算结果对镜场进行分区，不同分区的定日镜设计不同的瞄准因子；然后，根据瞄准因子计算定日镜的光斑尺寸，通过光斑尺寸与吸热器尺寸比值确定光斑相对大小，并规划瞄准点分布；最后，利用遗传算法优化定日镜瞄准点分布，实现吸热器表面均匀的能流分布。以百兆瓦级塔式光热电站为例，对定日镜瞄准策略进行优化，在典型日中春分日条件下吸热器表面能流密度峰值由赤道瞄准的1.94 MW/m2降低到1.01 MW/m2，均匀性提高53.29%，截断因子仅减小0.86%，在保证截断效率的同时确保了吸热器的高效安全运行。
Abstract:To achieve uniform heat flux distribution on the receiver surface, an optimization method for heliostat aiming strategy in solar power tower plants is proposed. First, the heliostat field is divided into zones based on the calculated instantaneous optical efficiency of heliostats throughout the entire field, with different aiming factors designed for heliostats in different zones. Then, the spot size of each heliostat is calculated according to the aiming factor, and the relative spot size is determined by the ratio of spot size to receiver size, thereby planning the aiming point distribution. Finally, a genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the heliostat aiming point distribution, achieving uniform heat flux distribution on the receiver surface. Taking a hundred-megawatt-scale solar power tower plant as an example, the heliostat aiming strategy is optimized. Under typical spring equinox conditions, the peak heat flux density on the receiver surface is reduced from 1.94 MW/m2 with equatorial aiming to 1.01 MW/m2, improving uniformity by 53.29% while reducing the spillage factor by 0.86%. This ensures efficient and safe operation of the receiver while maintaining high interception efficiency.
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Key words:
- CSP plant /
- optical efficiency /
- aiming strategy /
- genetic algorithm
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图 1 圆柱形吸热器表面能流分布计算
Figure 1. Calculation of energy flow distribution on the surface of cylindrical solar collectors
图 2 定日镜存在阴影挡光的条件
Figure 2. Conditions under which a heliostat casts shadows and blocks light.
图 4 不同瞄准策略在典型日条件下的吸热器能流分布
Figure 4. Flux map on the receiver for different aiming strategies under typical day conditions
图 5 不同瞄准策略的圆柱形吸热器能流分布图
Figure 5. Flux map on cylindrical receivers with different aiming strategies.
表 1 德令哈地区100 MW光热电站镜场设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters of the 100 MW heliostat field for the Delingha CSP plant
参数名称 数值 地理纬度/° 37.36 定日镜数/面 26667 立柱高度/m 3.2 定日镜高度/m 4.81 定日镜宽度/m 6.29 有效反射面积/m2 30 镜面反射率 0.94 塔光学高度/m 220 吸热器高度/m 16.4 吸热器直径/m 15.8 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 赤道瞄准、奇偶瞄准、多目标瞄准在典型日结果对比
Table 2. Comparison of results for equatorial aiming odd-even aiming, and multi aiming on typical days.
典型日(天) 时刻(h) DNI(KW/m2) 瞄准因子[$ {K}_{1},{K}_{2},{K}_{3} $] 峰值能流(MW/m2) 截断因子(%) $ \Delta {f}_{int} $(%) CV 春分日(81) 12.0 0.850 赤道瞄准 1.9431 82.02 0.0 0.4503 [1.8] 1.0268 79.79 −2.23 0.2155 [2.0,2.5,3.0] 1.0171 81.16 −0.86 0.2103 夏至日(172) 12.0 0.972 赤道瞄准 2.0974 82.24 0.0 0.4641 [1.8] 1.1036 79.96 −2.28 0.1822 [2.0,2.5,3.0] 1.1214 81.29 −0.95 0.1617 秋分日(264) 12.0 0.964 赤道瞄准 2.2012 82.02 0.0 0.4501 [1.8] 1.1647 79.78 −2.24 0.2096 [2.0,2.5,3.0] 1.1859 81.14 −0.88 0.2019 冬至日(345) 12.0 0.882 赤道瞄准 1.9698 80.65 0.0 0.4507 [3.0] 1.0578 78.51 −2.14 0.2299 [2.0,2.5,3.0] 1.1026 80.07 −0.58 0.2259
下载: 导出CSV
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