Ionizing particle discrimination and extraction based on morphological imaging features
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摘要:
为防止脉冲堆积效应，改善辐射电离粒子的甄别效率。本文利用 CMOS 有源像素传感器对电离粒子的光学响应特性进行分析，提出了一种基于成像形态学特征的粒子甄别方法。通过对比分析不同电离粒子响应事件特征，阐明增益及积分时间的调控机制，并对甄别效果进行验证。研究结果表明，α粒子响应事件的像素个数、平均像素值、矩形度、凸度与紧致度等5个特征参数与β和γ粒子响应事件存在显著差异。β和γ粒子响应事件在像素个数、矩形度和凸度等方面特征参数相似，但可通过对比平均像素值或紧致度加以区分。利用响应事件所包含的像素个数来甄别α事件的准确率大于99%，利用平均像素值甄别β、γ事件的准确率大于82%。本文研究成果为混合辐射场的电离粒子甄别提供了新的方法和研究基础，为发展核环境电离粒子甄别技术，以及抗辐射噪声干扰技术提供新的路径与理论支撑。
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关键词:
- 电离粒子甄别 /
- 成像形态学特征 /
- CMOS 有源像素传感器 /
- 混合辐射场
Abstract:To reduce pulse pile-up and improve ionizing particle discrimination efficiency. We use a CMOS active pixel sensor to analyze ionizing particle optical responses and propose morphology-based discrimination. Pry comparing the characteristics of response events of different ionizing particles, the regulating mechanisms influenced by gain and integration time are elucidated, and the discrimination effectiveness is verified. Results show α events differ significantly from β and γ events in pixel count, mean pixel value, rectangularity, convexity, and compactness. β and γ events are similar in pixel count, rectangularity, and convexity, but differ in mean pixel value or compactness. Using pixel count, α events were identified with over 99% accuracy. β and γ events were discriminated by mean pixel value with over 82% accuracy. The results provide a new method and basis for ionizing particle identification in mixed radiation fields. It supports nuclear particle discrimination and noise mitigation, providing new approaches and theoretical guidance.
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图 2 响应事件形成原理。(a) 9 dB α事件；(b) 9 dB β事件；(c) 9 dB γ事件
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the formation mechanism of response events: (a) 9 dB α event, (b) 9 dB β event, and (c) 9 dB γ event
图 3 响应事件像素个数对比。(a) α和β事件；(b) α和γ事件；(c) β和γ事件
Figure 3. Comparison of pixels counts in response events. (a) α and β events, (b) α and γ events, and (c) β and γ events
图 4 响应事件长宽比对比。(a) α和β事件；(b) α和γ事件；(c) β和γ事件
Figure 4. Comparison of the aspect ratios of response events: (a) α and β events, (b) α and γ events, and (c) β and γ events
图 5 响应事件凸度对比。(a) α和β事件；(b) α和γ事件；(c) β和γ事件
Figure 5. Comparison of the convexity of response events: (a) α and β events, (b) α and γ events, and (c) β and γ events
图 6 响应事件矩形度对比。(a) α和β事件；(b) α和γ事件；(c) β和γ事件
Figure 6. Comparison of the rectangularity of response events: (a) α and β events, (b) α and γ events, and (c) β and γ events
图 7 响应事件紧致度对比。(a) α和β事件；(b) α和γ事件；(c) β和γ事件
Figure 7. Comparison of the compactness of response events: (a) α and β events, (b) α and γ events, and (c) β and γ events
图 8 响应事件紧致度取整。(a) β事件；(b) γ事件
Figure 8. Rounded compactness of response events. (a) β events, (b) γ events
图 9 响应事件平均像素值对比。(a) α和β事件；(b) α和γ事件；(c) β和γ事件
Figure 9. Comparison of mean pixel values of response events: (a) α and β events, (b) α and γ events, and (c) β and γ events
表 1 实验样品参数
Table 1. Parameters of experimental samples
实验样品参数 参数值 传感器像素尺寸 2.2 μm × 2.2 μm 传感器分辨率 2592 (水平) ×1944 (垂直)α 放射源活度 2.9× 104 Bq (241Am) β 放射源活度 7.4 × 107 Bq (63Ni) γ 放射源活度 9 × 1014 Bq (60Co) 
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表 2 响应事件的甄别效果
Table 2. Identification performance of response events
混合辐射场类型 甄别事件总数 准确率 α/β 10000 > 99.9% α/γ 10000 > 99.9% β/γ 10000 > 82.5%
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