面向空间光通信的电光材料光束偏转研究现状及应用前景

李富豪; 赵继广; 张建伟; 段永胜; 刘冰

doi:10.37188/CO.2025-0154

面向空间光通信的电光材料光束偏转研究现状及应用前景

doi: 10.37188/CO.2025-0154

cstr: 32171.14.CO.2025-0154

1.
航天工程大学, 北京怀柔 101416
2.
齐鲁工业大学山东省科学院新材料研究所, 山东济南 250014

基金项目: 中文基金

详细信息

作者简介:
李富豪（1999—），男，山东新泰人，博士研究生，2021年就读于航天工程大学，主要从事光电信息处理等方面的研究。 E-mail：RichLee@hgd.edu.cn

张建伟（1993—），男，河北衡水人，博士，助理研究员，2018年毕业于航天工程大学获得硕士学位，2022年毕业于航天工程大学获得博士学位，主要从事空间态势感知、目标光学测量方面的研究。E-mail：1240688300@qq.com

中图分类号: TH74
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-11
- 录用日期: 2026-02-13
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-21

Research status and application prospects of beam deflection using electro-optic materials towards space laser communication

1.
Department of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
2.
Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China

Funds: Supported by

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Corresponding author: 1240688300@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
电光光束偏转技术具有低功率、小型化、可控性好等优点，相比于机械式光束偏转、声光光束偏转和液晶光束偏转技术，更容易满足空间激光通信快速、稳定的现实应用需求。本文系统总结了一些应用广泛的新型电光材料（铌酸锂、锆钛酸铅镧、钽铌酸钾）在光束偏转方面的国内外研究进展，根据不同电光材料的偏转特性，从应用模式和关键指标方面分析比较了各类材料光束偏转技术的特点，展望了各类电光材料光束偏转技术在空间光通信领域的应用前景，指出了目前亟待解决的困难，为下一步的研究工作指明了方向。
- 电光光束偏转技术 /
- 铌酸锂 /
- 锆钛酸铅镧 /
- 钽铌酸钾 /
- 空间光通信
Abstract:
Electro-optic beam deflection technology possesses advantages such as low power consumption, miniaturization, and good controllability. Compared with mechanical beam deflection, acousto-optic beam deflection, and liquid crystal beam deflection technologies, it is more easily able to meet the practical application requirements of rapidity and stability in space laser communication. This paper systematically summarizes the domestic and international research progress of several widely applied novel electro-optic materials (such as lithium niobate, lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, and potassium niobate tantalate) in the field of beam deflection. Based on the intrinsic deflection characteristics of different electro-optic materials, the features of corresponding beam deflection technologies are comprehensively analyzed and compared from the perspectives of application configurations and key performance metrics. Furthermore, the application prospects of these electro-optic material-based beam deflection technologies in space optical communication are discussed, the urgent challenges that need to be addressed currently are highlighted, and the directions for future research endeavors are clarified.
- electro-optic beam deflection technique /
- LN /
- PLZT /
- KTN /
- space laser communication

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图 1 基于温度效应的铌酸锂晶体光束偏转偏转技术

Figure 1. LN crystal beam deflection technology based on temperature effect. (a) The principle of LN beam deflection based on the temperature effect. (b) LN photonic crystal superprism beam deflection experimental system^[37]. (c) One-dimensional photonic lattice waveguide-based LN crystal beam deflection structure^[38]. (d) Dual-mode LN crystal beam deflection experimental setup^[39].

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图 2 基于电光效应的铌酸锂晶体光束偏转技术

Figure 2. LN crystal beam deflection technology based on electro-optic effect. (a) Hyperbolic electrode structure LiNbO₃ electro-optic deflector. (b) PPLN structure electro-optic deflector^[40]. (c) ‘Sandwich’ electrode PPLN structure electro-optic deflector^[41]. (d) Opposite optical axes double wedge prism structure LN electro-optic deflector^[43]. (e) Sawtooth array electrode LN waveguide structure^[44]. (f) Sawtooth electrode trumpet waveguide structure^[45]. (g) LN optical switch - PBS cascaded electro-optic deflector^[46].

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图 3 PLZT陶瓷光束偏转器

Figure 3. PLZT-based ceramic beam deflector. (a) Prism-shaped PLZT ceramic beam deflector. (b) Triangular electrode PLZT ceramic beam deflector. (c) Cascaded triangular electrode PLZT ceramic beam deflector. (d) Periodic microelectrode array PLZT ceramic beam deflector^[52]. (e) Trapezoidal electrode PLZT ceramic beam deflector^[53]. (f) Intracavity PLZT ceramic beam deflector^[54].

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图 4 PLZT相控阵光束偏转器

Figure 4. PLZT-based phased array beam deflector. (a) Unipolar PLZT phased array beam deflector^[56]. (b) Alignment-level cascaded architecture PLZT phased array beam deflector^[56]. (c) Strip-shaped electrode array PLZT phased array beam deflector^[57].

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图 5 基于空间电荷控制的KTN晶体光束偏转器

Figure 5. KTN beam deflector based on space-charge control. (a) Principle of beam deflection. (b) Three-way deflection structure. (c) positive and negative square wave injection. (d) Optical irradiation injection. (e) Kovacs effect^[71]. (f) The direction of the field is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the light beam^[64].

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表 1 电光材料光束偏转性能对比

Table 1. Comparison of beam deflection performance among electro-optic materials

Material type and Structure	LN			PLZT		KTN
	Temperature Effect Deflection	Electric Field Effect Deflection		Electro-optic Prism Type	Phased Array	Cubic crystal
	Temperature Effect Deflection	Irregular Electrode structure	Waveguide Structure	Electro-optic Prism Type	Phased Array	Cubic crystal
Electro-optic coefficient	31×10⁻¹²(m/V)			1.5-2.5×10⁻¹⁶(m²/V²)		10⁻¹⁴~10⁻¹²(m²/V²)
Deflection sensitivity	59.3 mrad/K^[37]	0.13 mrad/kV/mm^[40]	6.4 mrad/kV/mm^[45]	29.07 mrad/kV/mm^[50]	^−--	500 mrad/kV/mm^[59]
Driving voltage	^−--	1000 V	~20 V	100-1000 V	<100 V^[56]	~100 V
Response speed	< 1 kHz	GHz	MHz	GHz	MHz	700 kHz-GHz
Deflection accuracy	1-10 μrad	10⁻²μrad^[43]		10-100 μrad	μrad	μrad
Whether meet the requirements of space laser communication	Most scenarios are not suitable, but extreme environment	Difficult to meet low-power consumption requirement	Have the potential to meet the requirement, but the angle sensitivity need to be overcome	Difficult to meet low-power consumption requirement	Have the potential to meet the requirement, but light scattering needs to be overcome	Have the potential to meet the requirements, but the impact of temperature sensitivity and optical inhomogeneity need to be overcome

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