-
摘要:
光谱成像、片上通信及多功能集成光子学的快速发展，正推动光学系统向小型化与高度集成化方向演进，并对紧凑平台上多波段光束的独立空间调控提出了迫切需求。然而，传统多波段调控方案通常依赖多片器件或复杂光路，结构笨重且易产生跨波段串扰，限制了系统的集成度与可扩展性。针对这一挑战，本文提出了一种基于双波段双梯度相位协同构建的单层全介质超表面设计策略，可在单层结构中实现不同波段波前调控功能的方向解耦。为验证该策略的有效性，选取硅（Si）与二氧化硅（SiO2）构建超表面，并以800 nm与
1150 nm两个波段为示例验证策略。所构建的超表面单元可在各自工作波段实现完整的0~2π高效相位覆盖，通过梯度相位实现各自波段的定向偏折。将两类单元以旋转交错90°的方式排列形成复合周期结构，使双波段相位分布在同一平面内共存且互不干扰。结果表明，垂直入射条件下，器件将800 nm波段的透射光束相对于入射法线在一个横向方向偏折约14°，而对于1150 nm波段的透射光束，则在与其正交的另一横向方向偏折约24°，从而实现空间通道的清晰分离与独立调控。同时，器件保持偏振无关性与稳定波前控制，验证了双波段空间正交调控性能的可靠性。该设计策略为实现高集成度、多波段且具空间正交调控能力的片上光子器件提供了一种紧凑、高效且具有普适性的技术路径，在光谱成像、双波段通信及集成光子学系统中具有广泛的应用潜力。Abstract:With the rapid development of spectral imaging, on-chip communication, and multifunctional integrated photonics, modern optical systems require multi-band beams to be independently controlled in three dimensions within compact platforms. However, conventional multi-band solutions typically rely on multiple optical components or complex folded beam paths, resulting in bulky structures and inter-band crosstalk that limit device integration and scalability.To address this challenge, we propose a dual-band dual-phase-gradient design strategy for independent wavefront control. This approach enables mutually independent phase-gradient units for different wavelengths to coexist on a single-layer metasurface, achieving spatially independent beam deflection. To validate the strategy, a Si/SiO2 all-dielectric metasurface is designed for the 800 nm and
1150 nm bands.The meta-units provide full 0−2π phase coverage at their respective bands. By imposing phase gradients and arranging the two types of units in a 90° rotationally interleaved configuration, a composite periodic structure is formed in which dual-band phase profiles coexist without interference. Simulations show that under the condition of normal incidence, the device deflects the transmitted beams in the 800 nm wavelength band by approximately 14° in one lateral direction relative to the incident normal, while deflection that in the1150 nm wavelength band by about 24° in another lateral direction, achieving clear spatial separation and independent beam manipulation. The device also exhibits polarization-insensitive and stable wavefront control, confirming the reliability of its dual-band orthogonal operation.This design strategy provides a compact, efficient, and generalizable pathway toward highly integrated multi-band on-chip photonic devices, with broad potential applications in spectral imaging, dual-band communication, and integrated photonic systems. -
图 1 超表面的工作原理示意图。单层全介质超表面在两个工作波长
$ {\lambda }_{1} $ 、$ {\lambda }_{2} $ 下将垂直入射光分别偏折至互相正交的空间通道，在远场形成正交分离的双波段光斑Figure 1. Schematic of a polarization-independent dual-band metasurface with orthogonal beam deflection. Under normal incidence, the single-layer all-dielectric metasurface redirects the two operating wavelengths
$ {\lambda }_{1} $ and$ {\lambda }_{2} $ into mutually orthogonal spatial channels, yielding orthogonally separated far-field spots
图 5 800 nm，
1150 nm两种波长下，透射率和反射率随圆柱半径变化曲线Figure 5. Transmittance and reflectance as functions of the nanopillar radius under 800 nm,
1150 nm wavelengths
图 6 800 nm波长下透射相位与透射率随纳米柱半径的变化情况。插图所示柱半径从左到右依次为75、78.6、83.6、121.2、149.7 nm
Figure 6. Simulated transmissive phase and transmittance as a function of nanopillar radius at 800 nm. The inset shows the unit-cell structure with radii of 75, 78.6, 83.6, 121.2, and 149.7 nm from left to right
图 7 800 nm波长下超表面x-z平面透射相位分布
Figure 7. x-z plane transmissive phase distribution of the metasurface at 800 nm
图 8
1150 nm波长下透射相位与透射率随纳米柱半径的变化情况。插图为单元结构示意图所示柱半径从左到右依次为62、101.8、115.2、124.5、132.6、140 nmFigure 8. Simulated transmissive phase and transmittance as a function of nanopillar radius at
1150 nm. The inset shows the unit-cell structure with radii of 62, 101.8, 115.2, 124.5，132.6 and 140 nm from left to right
图 9
1150 nm波长下超表面x-z平面透射相位分布Figure 9. x-z plane transmissive phase distribution of the metasurface at
1150 nm
图 10 超表面单元在非目标波段入射条件下的相位响应。(a)
1150 nm入射条件下800 nm组的各单元相位变化与相位分布；(b) 800 nm入射条件下1150 nm组的各单元相位变化与相位分布Figure 10. Phase response of metasurface elements under non-target wavelength incident conditions. (a) Phase changes and phase distribution of each element in the 800 nm group under
1150 nm incident light; (b) phase changes and phase distribution of each element in the1150 nm group under 800 nm incident light
图 11 旋转90°交错排列相位梯度超原子示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of a phase-gradient superatom with a 90° rotated staggered arrangement
图 12 双波段正交透射偏折相位分布的数值仿真结果。其中虚线表示等相面，箭头表示光的传播方向。(a) 入射波长800 nm时x-z面的透射相位分布；(b) 入射波长
1150 nm时y-z面的透射相位分布。Figure 12. Numerical simulation results of dual-band orthogonal transmissive phase distributions, where the dashed lines represent the equi-phase surfaces and the arrows indicate the light propagation direction. (a) Transmission phase distribution in the x-z plane at the incident wavelength of 800 nm; (b) transmissive phase distribution in the y-z plane at the incident wavelength of
1150 nm
图 13 超表面阵列在双波段条件下的透射远场强度分布。(a) 800 nm 工作波长下的透射远场强度分布图；(b)
1150 nm 工作波长下的透射远场强度分布图Figure 13. Dual-band far-field transmissive intensity distributions of the metasurface array. (a) Far-field intensity pattern at 800 nm wavelength; (b) far-field intensity pattern at
1150 nm wavelength -
[1] MA J Y, REN J L, ZHANG J H, et al. Quantum imaging using spatially entangled photon pairs from a nonlinear metasurface[J]. eLight, 2025, 5(1): 2. doi: 10.1186/s43593-024-00080-8 [2] LI ZH D, ZHAI W, LI X W, et al. Additively manufactured dual-functional metamaterials with customisable mechanical and sound-absorbing properties[J]. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2022, 17(4): 864-880. doi: 10.1080/17452759.2022.2085119 [3] PARK J, JEONG B G, KIM S I, et al. All-solid-state spatial light modulator with independent phase and amplitude control for three-dimensional LiDAR applications[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2021, 16(1): 69-76. doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-00787-y [4] IYER P P, DECRESCENT R A, MOHTASHAMI Y, et al. Unidirectional luminescence from InGaN/GaN quantum-well metasurfaces[J]. Nature Photonics, 2020, 14(9): 543-548. doi: 10.1038/s41566-020-0641-x [5] WANG H, WANG ZH G, GONG CH, et al. Using light to image millimeter wave based on stacked meta-MEMS chip[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2025, 14(1): 59. [6] YIN Y Y, JIANG Q, WANG H B, et al. Color holographic display based on complex‐amplitude metasurface[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2025, 19(1): 2400884. doi: 10.1002/lpor.202400884 [7] HE G L, ZHENG Y Q, ZHOU CH D, et al. Multiplexed manipulation of orbital angular momentum and wavelength in metasurfaces based on arbitrary complex-amplitude control[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2024, 13(1): 98. [8] FANG X Y, REN H R, GU M. Orbital angular momentum holography for high-security encryption[J]. Nature Photonics, 2020, 14(2): 102-108. doi: 10.1038/s41566-019-0560-x [9] HU Y Q, LI L, WANG Y J, et al. Trichromatic and tripolarization-channel holography with noninterleaved dielectric metasurface[J]. Nano Letters, 2020, 20(2): 994-1002. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04107 [10] PRISCILLA N, SULEJMAN S B, ROBERTS A, et al. New avenues for phase imaging: optical metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 2024, 11(8): 2843-2859. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00359 [11] TENG SH Y, ZHANG Q, WANG H, et al. Conversion between polarization states based on a metasurface[J]. Photonics Research, 2019, 7(3): 246-250. doi: 10.1364/PRJ.7.000246 [12] SONG Q H, BARONI A, SAWANT R, et al. Ptychography retrieval of fully polarized holograms from geometric-phase metasurfaces[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 2651. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16437-9 [13] LENG B R, ZHANG Y, TSAI D P, et al. Meta-device: advanced manufacturing[J]. Light: Advanced Manufacturing, 2024, 5(1): 5. [14] XU M J, YAN D X, WANG Y, et al. Graphene-assisted dual-frequency third harmonic generation in nonlinear metamaterials for high-efficiency on-chip terahertz integration[J]. Frontiers of Physics, 2026, 21(4): 044201. doi: 10.15302/frontphys.2026.044201 [15] ZHAO C C, YAN D X, LI X J, et al. A single dual-frequency reflective metasurface for simultaneous multi-mode orbital angular momentum multiplexing[J]. Optics Communications, 2025, 575: 131313. doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131313 [16] CAO Y J, WU CH J, LI X J, et al. A deep learning-surrogate optimization strategy for the design of two-dimensional terahertz metamaterial absorbers[J]. Infrared Physics & Technology, 2026, 153: 106350. doi: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106350 [17] 谢阅, 田仲韬, 郑宝荣, 等. 超表面光波导: 增强现实光学技术新范式[J]. 液晶与显示, 2025, 40(11): 1606-1614. doi: 10.37188/CJLCD.2025-0157XIE Y, TIAN ZH T, ZHENG B R, et al. Metasurface waveguides: a new paradigm for augmented reality optical technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2025, 40(11): 1606-1614. (in Chinese). doi: 10.37188/CJLCD.2025-0157 [18] MARTINI E, MACI S. Theory, analysis, and design of metasurfaces for smart radio environments[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2022, 110(9): 1227-1243. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2022.3171921 [19] JIANG L, FANG B, YAN ZH G, et al. Bandwidth-enhanced carpet cloak by using a phase-gradient metasurface with a multilayer unit cell in terahertz range[J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 471: 125827. doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125827 [20] KHORASANINEJAD M, CHEN W T, DEVLIN R C, et al. Metalenses at visible wavelengths: diffraction-limited focusing and subwavelength resolution imaging[J]. Science, 2016, 352(6290): 1190-1194. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf6644 [21] ARBABI A, ARBABI E, KAMALI S M, et al. Miniature optical planar camera based on a wide-angle metasurface doublet corrected for monochromatic aberrations[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7(1): 13682. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13682 [22] KIM I, JANG J, KIM G, et al. Pixelated bifunctional metasurface-driven dynamic vectorial holographic color prints for photonic security platform[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 3614. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23814-5 [23] GEORGI P, WEI Q SH, SAIN B, et al. Optical secret sharing with cascaded metasurface holography[J]. Science Advances, 2021, 7(16): eabf9718. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9718 [24] LIU SH, VABISHCHEVICH P P, VASKIN A, et al. An all-dielectric metasurface as a broadband optical frequency mixer[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 2507. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04944-9 [25] DUN X, IKOMA H, WETZSTEIN G, et al. Learned rotationally symmetric diffractive achromat for full-spectrum computational imaging[J]. Optica, 2020, 7(8): 913-922. doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.394413 [26] YESILKOY F, ARVELO E R, JAHANI Y, et al. Ultrasensitive hyperspectral imaging and biodetection enabled by dielectric metasurfaces[J]. Nature Photonics, 2019, 13(6): 390-396. doi: 10.1038/s41566-019-0394-6 [27] YU N F, CAPASSO F. Flat optics with designer metasurfaces[J]. Nature Materials, 2014, 13(2): 139-150. doi: 10.1038/nmat3839 [28] KHORASANINEJAD M, CROZIER K B. Silicon nanofin grating as a miniature chirality-distinguishing beam-splitter[J]. Nature Communications, 2014, 5(1): 5386. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6386 [29] LI J, LIU CH, WU T SH, et al. Efficient polarization beam splitter based on all-dielectric metasurface in visible region[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2019, 14(1): 34. doi: 10.1186/s11671-019-2867-4 [30] HE Q, SHEN ZH. Polarization-insensitive beam splitter with variable split angles and ratios based on phase gradient metasurfaces[J]. Nanomaterials, 2021, 12(1): 113. doi: 10.3390/nano12010113 [31] CHEN X Y, ZOU H J, SU M Y, et al. All-dielectric metasurface-based beam splitter with arbitrary splitting ratio[J]. Nanomaterials, 2021, 11(5): 1137. doi: 10.3390/nano11051137 [32] LI ZH Y, PALACIOS E, BUTUN S, et al. Ultra-wide angle, directional spectrum splitting with visible-frequency versatile metasurfaces[C]. 2016 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), IEEE, 2016: 388-389. [33] WANG CH, LIU S Q, SUN Y, et al. Tunable beam splitter using bilayer geometric metasurfaces in the visible spectrum[J]. Optics Express, 2020, 28(19): 28672-28685. doi: 10.1364/OE.402691 [34] DORRAH A H, PARK J S, PALMIERI A, et al. Free-standing bilayer metasurfaces in the visible[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16(1): 3126. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58205-7 [35] ZHANG D, REN M X, WU W, et al. Nanoscale beam splitters based on gradient metasurfaces[J]. Optics Letters, 2018, 43(2): 267-270. doi: 10.1364/OL.43.000267 [36] YU N F, GENEVET P, KATS M A, et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction[J]. Science, 2011, 334(6054): 333-337. doi: 10.1126/science.1210713 [37] ANTONOV P V, ZUIDDAM M R, FRENKEN J W. Fabrication of high-aspect ratio silicon nanopillars for tribological experiments[J]. Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS, 2015, 14(4): 044506. doi: 10.1117/1.JMM.14.4.044506 -
下载:
计量
- 文章访问数: 150
- HTML全文浏览量: 87
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 0
