基于微面元模型的海面舰船尾迹长波红外偏振建模与仿真分析

管沛豪; 周平; 杨丽娜; 温馨; 李冠霖; 史浩东; 孙洪宇; 王祺; 王稼禹; 陈明策; 李英超

doi:10.37188/CO.2025-0160

基于微面元模型的海面舰船尾迹长波红外偏振建模与仿真分析

doi: 10.37188/CO.2025-0160

cstr: 32171.14.CO.2025-0160

管沛豪^{1, 2,},
周平^{2, 3},
杨丽娜³,
温馨³,
李冠霖^{1, 2},
史浩东^{1, 2},
孙洪宇^{1, 2},
王祺^{1, 2},
王稼禹^{1, 2},
陈明策⁴,
李英超^{1, 2, ,}

1.
长春理工大学吉林省空间光电技术重点实验室, 吉林长春 130022
2.
长春理工大学光电工程学院, 吉林长春 130022
3.
中国兵器第一研究院, 北京 100072
4.
北京控制工程研究所, 北京 100190

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（No. 61890960）；光电测量与智能感知中关村开放实验室开放基金（No. LabSOMP-2024-17）

详细信息

作者简介:
管沛豪（1998—），男，吉林吉林人，硕士，2021年于长春理工大学获得硕士学位，主要从事光学设计，偏振成像方面的研究。E-mail：2745744415@qq.com

李英超（1966—），男，吉林长春人，博士，正高级工程师，博士生导师，2012年于长春理工大学获得博士学位，主要从事多维度光学特性测试与探测技术，先进光学成像测试方面的研究。E-mail：13944068295@163.com

中图分类号: O436
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-19
- 修回日期: 2026-01-26
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-22

Modeling and simulation analysis of long-wave infrared polarization of ship wakes on the sea surface based on the microfacet model

GUAN Pei-hao^{1, 2
,},
ZHOU Ping^{2, 3},
YANG Li-na³,
WEN Xin³,
LI Guan-lin^{1, 2},
SHI Hao-dong^{1, 2},
SUN Hong-yu^{1, 2},
WANG Qi^{1, 2},
WANG Jia-yu^{1, 2},
CHEN Ming-ce⁴,
LI Ying-chao^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Space Optoelectronics Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
2.
School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
3.
China North Vehicle Research Institute, Beijing 100072, China
4.
Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100190, China

Funds: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61890960); Open Fund of Optoelectronic Measurement and Intelligent Perception Zhongguancun Open Lab. (No. LabSOMP-2024-17)

More Information

Corresponding author: 13944068295@163.com

摘要

摘要:
针对复杂海况下舰船尾迹红外探测需求，提出基于微面元模型的动态舰船尾迹红外偏振特性分析方法，构建了复杂海面背景的尾迹红外偏振效应解析模型，基于P-M海谱模型与开尔文尾迹模型，引入微面元双向反射分布函数，分析了动态海面背景下舰船尾迹红外偏振特性规律，掌握了航速、吃水深度、风速和风向等参数对尾迹红外偏振度、偏振角、对比度等特性的影响。其中，尾迹红外偏振度图像的平均对比度较传统强度图像提升159%，偏振角图像提升258%。将数学仿真与计算流体力学仿真相对比以验证尾迹红外偏振效应解析模型的有效性，结果表明相似度优于95.7%。将尾迹实拍图与仿真结果进行对比，发现二者具有较高相似度，验证了采用该模型对海面背景下舰船尾迹红外偏振特性仿真分析的有效性。本研究为复杂海况下舰船高精度、抗干扰探测与识别提供了重要的理论基础。
- 舰船尾迹 /
- 红外偏振 /
- 斯托克斯矢量 /
- 偏振仿真
Abstract:
Addressing the requirement for infrared detection of ship wakes under complex sea conditions, a method for analyzing the dynamic infrared polarization characteristics of ship wakes based on the microfacet model is proposed. An analytical model for the infrared polarization effects of wakes against a complex sea surface background is constructed. Based on the P-M sea spectrum model and the Kelvin wake model, the microfacet bidirectional reflectance distribution function is introduced to analyze the infrared polarization characteristics of ship wakes under dynamic sea surface backgrounds. The influence of parameters such as ship speed, draught, wind speed, and wind direction on the wake's infrared polarization characteristics, including the degree of polarization (DOP), angle of polarization (AOP), and contrast, is investigated. Notably, the average contrast of the wake's infrared DOP image is improved by 159% compared to traditional intensity images, and the AOP image shows an improvement of 258%. The analytical model for wake infrared polarization effects is validated by comparing mathematical simulations with computational fluid dynamics simulations, achieving a similarity of over 95.7%. A comparison between actual captured wake images and simulation results shows high similarity, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed model for simulating and analyzing the infrared polarization characteristics of ship wakes against a sea background. This study provides an important theoretical foundation for high-precision, anti-interference detection and identification of ships under complex sea conditions.
- ship wakes /
- infrared polarization /
- Stokes vector /
- polarization simulation

HTML全文

图 1 海面微面元双向反射分布函数示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of sea surface microfacet bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 粗糙海面高度场

Figure 2. Height field of rough sea surface

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图 3 (a)开尔文尾迹与(b)海面舰船尾迹高度场仿真图

Figure 3. Simulation diagram of height field of (a) kelvin wake and (b) ship wake on the sea surface

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图 4 尾迹红外偏振特性随航速变化。(a)尾迹红外强度仿真图；(b)尾迹红外偏振度仿真图；(c)尾迹红外偏振角仿真图

Figure 4. Infrared polarization characteristics of wake varying with ship speed. (a) Simulation diagram of wake infrared intensity; (b) simulation diagram of wake infrared DOLP; (c) simulation diagram of wake infrared AOP

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图 5 各偏振图像开尔文臂对比度随航速变化图

Figure 5. Contrast of kelvin arms in various polarization images varying with ship speed

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图 6 尾迹红外偏振特性随风速变化图。(a)尾迹红外强度仿真图；(b)尾迹红外偏振度仿真图；(c)尾迹红外偏振角仿真图

Figure 6. Infrared polarization characteristics of wake varying with wind speed. (a) Simulation diagram of wake infrared intensity; (b) simulation diagram of wake infrared DOLP; (c) simulation diagram of wake infrared AOP

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图 7 各偏振图像开尔文臂对比度随风速变化图

Figure 7. Contrast of Kelvin arms varying with wind speed in various polarization images

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图 8 尾迹红外偏振特性随风向变化。(a)尾迹红外强度仿真图；(b)尾迹红外偏振度仿真图；(c)尾迹红外偏振角仿真图

Figure 8. Infrared polarization characteristics of wake varying with wind direction. (a) Simulation diagram of wake infrared intensity; (b) simulation diagram of wake infrared DOLP; (c) simulation diagram of wake infrared AOP

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图 9 各偏振图像开尔文臂对比度随风向变化图

Figure 9. Contrast of kelvin arms varying with wind direction in various polarization images

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图 10 尾迹红外偏振特性随吃水深度变化。(a)尾迹红外强度仿真图；(b)尾迹红外偏振度仿真图；(c)尾迹红外偏振角仿真图

Figure 10. Infrared polarization characteristics of wake varying with draft depth. (a) Simulation diagram of wake infrared intensity; (b) simulation diagram of wake infrared DOLP; (c) simulation diagram of wake infrared AOP

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图 11 各偏振图像开尔文臂对比度随吃水深度变化图

Figure 11. Contrast of Kelvin arms varying with draft depth in various polarization images

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图 12 尾迹红外偏振特性随吃水深度变化。(a)数学仿真效果图；(b)流体仿真效果图

Figure 12. Infrared polarization characteristics of wake varying with draft depth. (a) Mathematical simulation results; (b) fluid simulation results

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图 13 尾迹外场实验图。(a)红外偏振原图；(b)红外偏振度图；(c)实验现场图

Figure 13. Field experiment images of the wake. (a) Infrared polarization raw image; (b) infrared degree of polarization image; (c) experimental field diagram

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表 1 仿真图像评价函数计算结果

Table 1. Calculation results of evaluation functions for simulated images

Types of evaluation functions	Bhattacharyya coefficient	Pearson correlation coefficient	Histogram intersection coefficient	Chi-square coefficient	Similarity
Infrared original image	0.992	0.999	0.988	0.971	0.988
Infrared DOLP image	0.989	0.995	0.981	0.946	0.978
Infrared AOP image	0.976	0.981	0.961	0.911	0.957

下载: 导出CSV

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