Generation of a high spectral power supercontinuum covering the ultraviolet to infrared by a femtosecond laser multi-filament array in fused silica
doi: 10.3724/CO.EN-2026-0005
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摘要:
为了实现飞秒激光成丝超连续辐射的光谱参数优化，使用了透镜阵列聚焦双色飞秒激光在熔融石英块中成丝的方法产生超连续辐射，并对超连续辐射光谱功率密度的提高、光谱范围的拓宽、光谱分布特性的调节等方面进行研究。首先，比较了不同波长的飞秒激光输入对成丝超连续辐射光谱范围的影响。接着，以透镜阵列替代单透镜聚焦飞秒激光成丝，通过多丝阵列形成的光谱累积效应提升超连续辐射的光谱功率密度。然后，实验比较了输入激光功率对超连续辐射光谱分布的影响，实现了对超连续辐射高频区域（或低频区域）光谱功率密度的独立控制。最后，对该方法产生的超连续辐射光谱稳定性进行了评价。实验结果表明：该方法可以获得在高频光谱范围增强的超连续辐射，并且在380 nm~950 nm的光谱范围内功率密度均高于0.1 mW/nm。该方式产生的超连续辐射可以灵活优化光谱功率密度、光谱范围和光谱分布的特性，以适应超连续辐射光谱的实际应用需求。
Abstract:Supercontinuum (SC) generated from femtosecond laser filamentation has found extensive applications due to its broadband spectral properties. In this study, we present a novel method to simultaneously improve the spectral coverage and power density of SC. This is realized by combining two-color femtosecond laser injection and multi-filament array arrangement in fused silica. With this method, high spectral power SC is obtained. The spectral power density is above 0.1 mW/nm over a broad wavelength range from approximately 380 nm to 950 nm. We find that both the spectral range and power density of SC are affected by the input power and the intensity ratio between the fundamental and second-harmonic laser pulses. In addition, the spectral fluctuation of the generated SC is measured to be less than 4% within 6 minutes. These results offer a feasible and effective way to enhance the spectral power and coverage of SC sources. They are of great importance for promoting the practical applications of SC.
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Key words:
- supercontinuum /
- filamentation /
- self-phase modulation /
- spectral cumulative effect
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Figure 1. Experimental setup. Two femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm and 400 nm are combined by a dichroic mirror. The combined beam is focused into fused silica using a commercial 10×10 MLA. D: dichroic mirror with high reflectivity at 400 nm and high transmission at 800 nm
Figure 2. (a) Spectral intensity profiles of the 400 nm and 800 nm input pulses, as well as the SC generated by the 400 nm, 800 nm and 400+800 nm laser pulses, respectively. (b) Spectral power density distribution of SC generated via two-color pulse 400 nm+800 nm focused by a single lens
Figure 3. (a) Image of the multi-filament array cross-section and (b) the corresponding SC beams. (c) SC spectral intensity profiles induced by a MLA element for femtosecond laser pulses of different wavelengths: 800 nm, 400 nm, and 400 nm+800 nm, respectively. (d)Spectral power density distributions of SC generated via two-color pulse focused by a single lens and MLA, respectively
Figure 4. (a) Typical SC spectral power density profiles of the two-color femtosecond laser pulse passing through the MLA with different total powers P of
1180 mW, 932 mW, 743 mW, 590 mW, and 472 mW, respectively. (b) SC spectral distribution as a function of laser pulse power
Figure 5. High-spectral-power-density SC profiles obtained by varying the power of a specific component of the input two-color laser pulse. (a) Varying the fundamental frequency laser power Pr (750 mW, 593 mW, 473 mW, 375 mW, 300 mW) while fixing the second-harmonic laser power Pb. (b) Varying the second-harmonic laser power Pb (430 mW, 340 mW, 271 mW, 215 mW, 172 mW) while fixing the fundamental frequency laser power Pr
Figure 6. Spectral stability of the high power SC source generated by the two-color pulse in our experiment. (a) and (b) The SC spectral stability of the different typical wavelengths: 380 nm, 500 nm, 530 nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, 650 nm. (c) and (d) The temporal evolution of the spectral counts at 650 nm and 380 nm, respectively, over the same time period by varying the fundamental laser power Pr=750 mW, 593 mW, 473 mW, and 375 mW. (e) and (f) The spectral counts at 650 nm and 380 nm, respectively, over the same time period by varying the second-harmonic laser power Pb=430 mW, 340 mW, 271 mW, and 215 mW
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