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摘要:
检验质量（TM）在轨存在高能粒子充电效应，从而干扰引力波探测。本文针对天琴计划的电荷管理需求，首先建立静电力模型，确定检验质量的电荷阈值上限为 2×10−13 C；然后设计基于紫外LED光源的电荷管理系统，并研制工程样机；最后构建基于精密扭摆的地面测试系统，用于评估电荷管理样机性能。实验结果表明：在2V、1 mHz的调制作用下，电荷测量的分辨率优于 2×10−14 C，电荷控制的分辨率约为 6×10−14 C，满足空间引力波探测需求。上述研究成果为天琴计划的实施提供了关键技术支持。
Abstract:The test mass (TM) in orbit is subject to the charging effect of high-energy particles, which interferes with gravitational wave detection. This paper addresses the charge management requirements of the TianQin Project. First, an electrostatic force model is established to determine the charge threshold of the TM, which is limited to less than 2×10−13 C. Then, a charge management structure using a UV LED light source is designed, and an engineering prototype is developed accordingly. Finally, a ground testing system based on a torsion pendulum is constructed to evaluate the charge management performance. Experimental results show that at 1 mHz, the resolution of charge measurement is better than 2×10−14 C, and the resolution of charge control is approximately 6×10−14 C, which meet the requirements of space gravitational wave detection. These achievements provide a solid foundation for TianQin project.
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Key words:
- TianQin project /
- charge management system /
- charge measurement and control /
- UV LED
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图 10 电荷管理地面测试系统示意图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of charge management ground test system
图 11 基于精密扭摆的地面测试装置
Figure 11. Ground testing device based on precision torsion pendulum
图 14 检验质量充放电曲线标定结果。(a) 目标电势为−50 mV；(b) 目标电势为−100 mV
Figure 14. Calibration results of test mass's charge-discharge curve. (a) Discharge curve; (b) charge curve
图 15 检验质量电荷控制结果。(a) 目标电势：−50 mV；(b) 目标电势：−100 mV
Figure 15. The charge control result of Test Mass. (a) target potential: −50 mV; (b) target potential: −100 mV
表 1 光路传导系数
Table 1. Optical path transmission coefficient
模型参数 理论值 实测值 K1 发光转化系数（μW/mA） 15.00 13.13±4.49 K2 光纤耦合系数 40% 36.07%±3.55% K3 光纤传输系数 80% K4 馈通耦合系数 100% 74.66%±4.05% K5 光子能量系数(/J) 1.28×1018 N.A. K6 表面吸收系数 66.48% N.A. K7 量子产率系数(e/Photon) N.A. (1.13±0.37)×10−5 K8 电场调控系数 100% 50%±10% 
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表 2 不同电荷管理策略的光功率与电流需求
Table 2. Optical power and current demand for different discharge strategies
放电方式 放电速率 紫外光功率 驱动电流 快速放电 1×105 e/s 20 nW 5.9 μA 连续放电 10~100 e/s 2~20 pW 0.59~5.9 nA
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