| Citation: | QIU Cheng-bo, FAN Han-kun, HE Tao, CAI Zhi-ming, CHEN Chang-yong, XIONG Li-yuan, YIN Xin-rui, FENG Jian-chao, YANG Zhong-guang, ZHAO Dong-lin, CHEN Chao, FAN Xiao-meng, ZHANG Yong-he, ZHU Zhen-cai. Interferometric measurement of thermal deformation for ultra-stable structural support frame of gravitational wave spacecraft[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.2026-0088
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To satisfy the thermal deformation testing requirements of ceramic-based ultra-stable structures for space gravitational wave detection, and address the difficulty of verifying the measurement link prior to component fabrication, a ground-based vacuum interferometric measurement system operating within 1 mHz–0.1 Hz is developed in this paper. We use an equivalent 4J32 Invar sample for tests. It matches ceramic parts in geometry, interfaces and optical path. We calibrate thermal expansion and test displacement stability. We also decompose low-frequency noise systematically. In the experiment, the tested structure, fiber-optic measuring probe, reflector and temperature sensors are placed in a vacuum environment, and the natural cooling of the cavity is utilized to realize the overall thermal response calibration of the measurement link. Under mK-level steady-state temperature control, the Welch method is employed to acquire the amplitude spectral density of displacement noise, and a comparative analysis is conducted on the intrinsic noise of the interferometer, thermal equivalent noise and system comprehensive noise. The experimental results show that the relative deviation between the system comprehensive thermal expansion coefficient and the intrinsic value of Invar is about 8.3%, which can effectively characterize the overall thermal response of the measurement link. The amplitude spectral density of displacement noise of the system in the mHz band is approximately 26.6 nm/√Hz, and the consistency of long-period multi-segment steady-state measurement results is high, demonstrating high reliability. The intrinsic noise of the interferometer is about two orders of magnitude lower than the system comprehensive noise, and the thermal equivalent displacement noise converted from temperature fluctuation only accounts for 7.8%~14.1% of the system noise; both of them are far lower than the comprehensive measurement noise and do not constitute major interference. The proposed system and method complete the full measurement link verification and noise benchmark establishment, and can provide an equivalent verification foundation and reusable technical scheme for subsequent thermal deformation testing of ceramic-based ultra-stable structures.
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