| Citation: | LU Chuang, LI Zong-xuan, LI Lin, GU Zhi-yuan, TAO Shu-ping, YU Jiang-tao, NING Jiu-xin. Research on the hyperspectral detection of greenhouse gas using Fabry-Perot interferometric system[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.37188/CO.EN-2025-0009
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To accurately monitor methane emissions from point sources, this paper explores the use of a Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometer as the spectroscopic element of a spatial imaging spectrometer, aiming to achieve both high spatial and high spectral resolution. The study focuses on constructing both theoretical and physical models of the F-P cavity to meet the technical requirements of methane point-source monitoring. First, an initial theoretical model of F-P cavity interference under ideal conditions is developed based on multi-beam interference theory. Building upon this, a corresponding geometric model is established by considering the effect of finite throughput aperture, from which a theoretical model under finite aperture conditions is derived. In addition, a more comprehensive theoretical framework is constructed by incorporating surface defect distribution functions to account for microscopic random inhomogeneities and curvature defects. In the physical model development, the F-P cavity is initially designed based on the ideal theoretical model to match the spectral characteristics of methane absorption. Using the finite-aperture theoretical model, the transmission intensity curve and its slope are analyzed, and the aperture size is precisely determined bases on the physical meaning of the slope. Subsequently, the physical model is further optimized by adjusting the wedge angle at the rear surface of the mirror. To meet specific spectral and technical targets, the allowable variation in the gap spacing between the two parallel mirrors is thoroughly analyzed, thereby defining the tolerance range for the cavity gap. Surface roughness, figure accuracy, and parallelism of the reflective surfaces are then specified according to surface defect considerations. Ultimately, the optimized F-P cavity achieves a spectral resolution of 0.29 nm, meeting the technical requirements for methane point-source monitoring. By constructing a comprehensive theoretical model and optimizing the physical design, this study enables the realization of both high spectral and spatial resolution, provides a theoretical foundation for applying F-P interferometers in spatial imaging spectrometry, and supports the advancement of high-precision spectral detection technologies.
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