| Citation: | LIU Chun-yao, YU Xin, BAI Su-ping, WANG Ling-yun, SHAO Hui-bo, CAI Cun-liang. Underwater single-photon LIDAR optical system design[J]. Chinese Optics. doi: 10.3724/CO.2026-0108
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To address the challenge of simultaneously achieving a large scanning field of view and system miniaturization in underwater single-photon LiDAR, this paper proposes a technical solution based on mirror scanning and a sealed annular window. By establishing the geometric relationship between scanning angle, beam aperture, and mirror size, and integrating an annular water-isolated window structure, the system achieves miniaturization while maintaining a large scanning field of view. The initial optical system structure is built using ray tracing, and by applying the imaging and compensation principles of cylindrical optical elements, it improves the degradation of beam quality after passing through the annular window across different media. Integrated optimization with the telescope system further enhances beam quality. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a scanning field of view of 110°, a beam quality factor of less than 1.3 times the diffraction limit, a beam divergence angle of 0.084 mrad, and a transmission efficiency of 91.00%. The maximum detection range reaches 24m in water with an attenuation coefficient of 0.184m-1. The proposed system provides both wide-field scanning capability and compact structural advantages, offering a potential solution for the engineering development of underwater wide-area detection platforms.
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