Optical design of visual and infrared large-aperture imaging system based on a space-based platform
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摘要: 针对用于地球静止轨道卫星的遥感面阵快照式成像光谱仪传输数据量过大引起的数据传输困难，信号采集处理时间长的问题，利用地球静止轨道平台可以长期驻留固定区域上空的特点，提出采用压缩感知的大口径全谱段快照式光谱仪的方案。对其光学系统结构进行设计，并对相关参数进行了计算。物镜采用同轴三反式无焦系统，用分色片对系统分光，经过对各系统优化处理，最终获得了幅宽为400 km◊400 km，可见光分地面像元分辨率为40 m，中波红外地面像元分辨率为400 m，长波红外地面像元为625 m的光学系统，设计结果MTF可见光路在78.125 lp/mm高于0.455，中波红外光路在33.3 lp/mm高于0.518，长波红外光路在20.8 lp/mm高于0.498；系统光谱分辨率分别为可见光20 nm、中波红外50 nm、长波红外光150 nm；可见光路二级光谱小于0.05 mm，设计结果具有良好的成像质量，各部分光学系统成像质量接近衍射极限，设计结果满足应用和指标需求。Abstract: To solve the data transmission difficulties and long-signal acquisition and processing time problem caused by excessive data transmission of the Geostationary Orbit array staring spectrometer, a scheme for a large-aperture visual and infrared snapshot spectrometer based on compressive sensing is proposed, which takes advantage of the fact that a geostationary orbit platform can stay over the fixed area for a long time. This paper analyzes the physical model of compressive sensing spectral imaging. The structure of the optical system is designed, and the relevant parameters are calculated. The objective lens uses a coaxial three-mirror afocal optical system, and dichroic films are used to split the spectrum. The relevant parameters were calculated according to requirements and the system was designed using optical software. After optimization, the optical system was shown to have a width of 400 km◊400 km, a visible area of 40 m GSD, an MWIR area of 400 m GSD, and an LWIR area of 625 m GSD. The results show that the MTF of the visible area is higher than 0.455 at 78.125 lp / mm. In mid-wave infrared, the MTF is higher than 0.518 at 33 lp / mm, and the MTF is higher than 0.498 at 20.8 lp / mm in long-wave infrared. The spectral resolution of the visible light is 20 nm, the mediumwave infrared region’s resolution is 50 nm, and the long-wave infrared spectrum resolution is 150 nm. The second-order spectrum of the visual area is less than 0.05 mm. The optical system has good imaging performance and the imaging quality of each part of the optical system is close to the diffraction limit, which meets the needs of applications and indicators.
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图 1 压缩感知光谱成像系统原理图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a compressive sensing spectral imaging system
图 2 基于压缩感知的大口径全谱段光谱仪物理模型
Figure 2. Physical model of the visual and infrared large-aperture multispectral sensor based on compressive sensing
图 14 不同视场下可见光路光谱分辨率
a)ω=0.33° b)ω=0.2334° c)ω=0.2° d)ω=0°
Figure 14. Spectral resolution of the visible spectrum in different fields of view
a)ω=0.33° b)ω=0.2334° c)ω=0.2° d)ω=0°
图 15 可见光系统谱线弯曲示意图
Figure 15. Schematic diagram of spectral smile of the visual spectrum
图 24 中波红外光谱分辨率
a)ω=0.33° b)ω=0.2334° c)ω=0.2° d)ω=0°
Figure 24. Spectral resolution of the MWIR part in different fields of view
a)ω=0.33° b)ω=0.2334° c)ω=0.2° d)ω=0°
图 25 中波红外系统谱线弯曲示意图
Figure 25. Schematic diagram of the spectral smile of the MWIR part
图 34 不同视场下长波红外光路分辨率
a)ω=0.26° b)ω=0.184° c)ω=0.140° d)ω=0°
Figure 34. Spectral resolution of the LWIR part from different fields of view
a)ω=0.26° b)ω=0.184° c)ω=0.140° d)ω=0°
表 3.4 子系统参数
可见光一次会聚光路/准直光路 中波红外一次会聚光路/准直光路 长波红外一次会聚光路/准直光路 系统焦距/mm 900/534 1350/137 1375/124 光栅线对数lp/mm 170 50 45 
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