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摘要: 空间激光通信凭借其速率高、体积小、质量轻和功耗低的优势,成为卫星间高速通信不可或缺的有效手段,特别在微小卫星应用场合,更能体现激光通信的优势。文章详细介绍了微小卫星激光通信技术领域最新的研究进展。在此基础上,总结了需要突破的同轨终端轻小型化、异轨终端轻小型化、大气湍流影响抑制等关键技术,归纳了工程化应用、双工通信、单点对多点、国产化和批产能力5个方面的发展趋势。Abstract: With its high speed, small size, light-weight and low power consumption, space laser communication has become an indispensable and effective means of high-speed communication between satellites, especially in micro-satellite applications, which can benefit more strongly from the advantages of laser communication. This paper provides a detailed introduction of the latest research progress in the field of micro-satellite laser communication technology. On this basis, key techniques such as light miniaturization of identical orbital terminals, light miniaturization of different orbital terminals and turbulence mitigation technologies are summarized, and the development trends of the technology’s applications, duplex communication, single-point to multi-point, localization and batch production capacity are concluded.
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表 1 OCSD-B/C系统主要技术参数
Table 1. Main technical parameters of the OCSD-B/C
序号 技术参数 典型值 1 质量/kg 2.31 2 体积/mm3 10×10×15 3 通信距离/km 450 4 波长/nm 1064 信号光下行1550 信标光上行 5 发射功率/W 2 6 速率/Mbps 50/100验证(200 Mbps设计能力) 7 指向方式 依靠卫星姿态指向 表 2 地面站主要参数
Table 2. Main technical parameters of the ground station
序号 技术参数 典型值 1 口径/mm 40 2 粗跟踪光学视场/(°) 2 3 精跟踪光学视场/(°) 0.2 4 通信光学视场/(°) 0.06 表 3 CLICK系统的主要技术参数
Table 3. Main technical parameters of the CLICK system
序号 技术参数 典型值 1 质量/kg <2.5 2 功耗/W 15平均 3 通信距离/km 25~580(星间) 4 波长/nm 1537/1563 5 发射功率/mW 200 6 速率/Mbps >20(全双工) 7 指向方式 依靠卫星姿态指向,自身配有FPA 表 4 VSOTA的主要技术指标
Table 4. Main technical parameters of the VSOTA
序号 技术参数 典型值 1 质量/kg <1 2 功耗/W <10 3 通信距离/km <2 000 4 波长/nm 通道1:980,
通道2:15405 发射功率/mW 通道1:<540,
通道2:<806 速率/Mbps 0.1~10 7 指向方式 依靠卫星姿态指向 表 5 OPTEL-µ的主要技术指标
Table 5. Main technical parameters of the OPTEL-µ
序号 技术参数 典型值 1 质量/kg <8 2 功耗/W <45 3 通信距离/km 400~900 4 波长/nm 1544/1565 5 速率/Gbps 1.25×2(双波长) 6 指向方式 自带CPA和FPA 表 6 CONDOR的主要技术指标
Table 6. Main technical parameters of the CONDOR
序号 技术参数 典型值 1 质量/kg <18 2 功耗/W <60 3 通光口径/mm 80 4 发射功率/W 1 5 通信速率/Gbps及距离/km <5~10, 5@7780 km 6 波长/nm 1545/1560 7 指向方式 CPA, FPA, PAA 表 7 T5主要技术指标
Table 7. Main technical parameters of the T5
序号 技术参数 典型值 1 质量/kg 5 2 通信距离/km <3000 3 速率/Mbps 100 4 指向方式 旋转双棱镜±30° 表 8 激光通信终端光束指向机构
Table 8. Laser communication terminal beam pointing mechanism
终端名称 卫星指向 卫星指向和FPA CPA CPA和FPA PAA VSOTA √ FITSAT √ CLICK √ √ OCSD √ √ OPTEL-µ √ √ CONDOR √ √ √ T5 √ -
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