面向机器视觉检测的缸体横孔照明

姜涛; 张桂林; 高俊鹏

doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0054

面向机器视觉检测的缸体横孔照明

doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0054

长春理工大学，吉林长春 130022

基金项目: 吉林省科技厅重点科技支撑计划资助项目（No. 20080351）；吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目基金（No. JJKH20200749KJ）；长春理工大学青年基金（No. XQNJJ-2019-03）

详细信息

作者简介:
姜　涛(1969—)，男，山西大同人，研究员，博士生导师，1992年于长春光学精密机械学院获得学士学位，1998年于沈阳工业学院获得硕士学位，2010年于长春理工大学获得博士学位，主要从事光机电一体化技术、机电系统控制技术等方面的研究。E-mail：jiangtao@cust.edu.cn

张桂林(1990—)，男，广东韶关人，讲师，2010年、2017年于长春理工大学分别获得学士、博士学位，主要从事机电系统控制技术方面的研究。E-mail：guilin512400@126.com

通讯作者:
张桂林(1990—)，男，广东韶关人，讲师，2010、2017年于长春理工大学分别获得学士、博士学位，主要从事机电系统控制技术方面的研究。E-mail：guilin512400@126.com

中图分类号: TH39；U463.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-31
- 修回日期: 2020-05-06
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-22
- 刊出日期: 2020-12-01

Illumination of a cylinder block transverse hole for machine vision inspection

Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China

Funds: Supported by Key Science and Technology Support Project of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department (No. 20080351); Jilin Provincial Department of Education “13th Five-Year” Science and Technology Project Fund (No. JJKH20200749KJ); The Youth Science Foundation of Changchun University of Science and Technology (No. XQNJJ-2019-03)

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Corresponding author: guilin512400@126.com

摘要

摘要: 针对机器视觉检测技术在缸体内表面横孔检测应用中存在的光源设计复杂、照度均匀性差等问题，本文提出一种以LED为直接光源在缸体内部照射横孔，以积分球为背景光源在缸体外部照射横孔的双光源照明方法。本文以缸体内横孔光照均匀性为出发点，建立光源辐射响应数学模型，分析了光源大小、距离、缸体受光点与光照均匀性的关系，并结合成像法介绍了缸体横孔照度均匀性评估方法。最后，通过实验对比分析了光纤光源、LED光源、LED+积分球光源在缸体横孔检测中的光照均匀性。实验数据显示，采用LED光源从外部照射横孔时光照不均匀度达10%，从内部照明时光照不均匀度为5%；采用光纤光源从内部照射横孔时光照不均匀度为4.6%；而采用积分球在缸体外部照射横孔，同时在缸体内部使用LED照明时，光照不均匀度为0.6%。可见采用LED+积分球双光源照明方法可以获得大于99%的光照均匀性，能够较好地满足机器视觉检测照明要求。
- 机器视觉 /
- 光照均匀度 /
- 缸体横孔 /
- 制动主缸补偿孔
Abstract: In view of the complex design of light sources and the poor illumination uniformity in cylinder block transverse hole detection by using machine vision, a double light source method is provided for the detection of transverse holes. In this method, an integrating sphere is used as the background light source and an LED is used as the direct light source. To achieve uniformity of illumination on the cylinder transverse hole, a mathematical model of the light source radiation response is established in this paper. Using this imaging method, a relationship between the size of the light source, its distance and the position of the reflection point and illumination uniformity is proposed. Finally, a controlled experiment was performed to reveal the illumination uniformity developed in different light sources: an optical fiber source, an LED source, and an LED + integrating sphere source. The results of the experiment show that the non-uniformity is up to 10% with an LED light source emitting from outside the hole, and it becomes 5% when the LED light is moved to the inside of the hole; the non-uniformity of an internal optical fiber light source is 4.6%. In particular, the double light source, wherein the integrating sphere is used as a background light outside the cylinder block and the LED is used as a direct light inside the cylinder block has a non-uniformity of 0.6%. The uniformity illumination surpasses 99%, which can be obtained by using an integrating sphere and LED dual light source, meeting our requirements for machine vision detection.
- machine vision /
- illuminating uniformity /
- cylinder block transverse hole /
- brake master cylinder compensation hole

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图 1 汽车制动主缸结构

Figure 1. Structural diagram of brake master cylinder

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图 2 制动主缸补偿孔检测系统组成

Figure 2. Composing of compensation hole measuring system for the brake master cylinder

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图 3 （a）内窥镜结构示意图及（b）补偿孔检测结构示意图

Figure 3. Structure diagram of (a) the endoscope and (b) the compensation hole detection system

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图 4 辐射光源数值解析模型

Figure 4. Analytical model of the radiation source

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图 5 缸体内表面辐射响应曲线

Figure 5. Irradiance uniformity distribution on the internal surface of the cylinder

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图 6 图像网格化

Figure 6. Spot grid

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图 7 不同光源照明图像

Figure 7. Images obtained by different lighting sources

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图 8 对所采集图像进行灰度化处理结果

Figure 8. Grayscale image results using the dual light source

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图 9 积分球+LED照明装置

Figure 9. Integrating sphere background source + LED direct light source

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图 10 LED光源+积分球外部均匀光照明效果图

Figure 10. Results of integrating sphere background source + LED direct light source

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图 11 网格边长与不均匀度关系

Figure 11. Relationship between grid length and uniformity error

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