基于可见/近红外透射光谱技术的红提糖度和含水率无损检测

高升; 王巧华

doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0085

基于可见/近红外透射光谱技术的红提糖度和含水率无损检测

doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0085

高升^{1, 2,},
王巧华^{1, 2, ,}

1.
华中农业大学工学院，湖北武汉 430070
2.
农业部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室，湖北武汉 430070

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（No. 31871863）；湖北省自然科学基金资助项目（No. 2012FKB02910）；湖北省研究与开发计划项目（No. 2011BHB016）

详细信息

作者简介:
高　升（1988—），男，山东临朐人，博士，2017年于青岛农业大学获得硕士学位，主要从事农产品无损智能检测、机电一体化技术及装备。Email：401116575@qq.com

王巧华（1970—），女，湖北黄梅人，博士，教授，2009年于华中农业大学获得博士学位，主要从事农畜禽产品无损智能检测、机电一体化技术及装备。E-mail：wqh@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号: O657
计量
- 文章访问数: 1625
- HTML全文浏览量: 446
- PDF下载量: 96
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-08
- 修回日期: 2020-06-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-28
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-14

Non-destructive testing of red globe grape sugar content and moisture content based on visible/near infrared spectroscopy transmission technology

GAO Sheng^{1, 2
,},
WANG Qiao-hua^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River; Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31871863); Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2012FKB02910); Research and Development Plan Project of Hubei Province(No. 2011BHB016)

More Information

Corresponding author: wqh@mail.hzau.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 本文研究基于可见/近红外透射光谱技术的红提糖度和含水率的无损检测方法。采集360个红提样本，并分别利用标准正态变量变换（Standard Normal Variable transformation，SNV）、SavitZky-Golay卷积平滑处理法（SavitZky-Golay，S_G）等光谱预处理方法处理后的数据建立PLSR模型，分别采用一次降维（GA、SPA、CARS、UVE）和二次降维组合（CARS-SPA、UVE-SPA、GA-SPA）7种数据降维方法对光谱进行特征变量提取，分别建立红提糖度和含水率的偏最小二乘回归算法(Partial Least Squares Regression，PLSR)和最小二乘支持向量机（Least Squares Support Vector Machine，LSSVM）含量检测模型并对比分析模型的优劣。结果表明：红提糖度和含水率的最优PLSR模型波长提取方法为GA-SPA-PLSR，最优模型的预测集相关系数分别为0.958、0.938；红提糖度和含水率的最优LSSVM模型波长提取方法分别为CARS-SPA-LSSVM、UVE-SPA-LSSVM，最优模型的预测集相关系数分别为0.969、0.942；LSSVM所建模型的效果好于PLSR所建模型，但模型的运算时间较长。研究结果表明：基于可见/近红外技术无损检测红提糖度和含水率的方法可行，两种最优检测模型的预测精度均较高，都能满足检测要求。在不同应用下，可酌情选择不同模型，PLSR所建最优模型的运算时间较短，适合在线快速检测；LSSVM的检测性能最佳，可更加准确地检测红提糖度和含水率。
- 红提 /
- 糖度 /
- 含水率 /
- 可见/近红外技术 /
- 无损检测
Abstract: In this paper, a non-destructive detection method for the sugar and moisture content of red globe grapes based on visible/near-infrared spectroscopy transmission technology is studied. The PLSR model is established by collecting 360 red globe grape samples by using spectral data processed by spectral preprocessing methods such as Standard Normal Variable transformation (SNV), SavitZky-Golay(S_G) and other spectral preprocessing methods respectively to determine the best spectral preprocessing method. Seven data dimensionality reduction methods of primary dimensionality reduction (GA, SPA, CARS, UVE) and secondary dimensionality reduction combinations (CARS-SPA, UVE-SPA, GA-SPA) are used to identify characteristic variables of spectra. PLSR and LSSVM detection models of sugar content and moisture content of red globe grape are established respectively, and the advantages and disadvantages of each model are compared and analyzed. The results show that the optimal PLSR model wavelength extraction method for red globe grape sugar content and moisture content is GA-SPA-PLSR, and the correlation coefficients of the optimal model are 0.958 and 0.938, respectively. The optimal LSSVM model wavelength extraction methods for red globe grape sugar and moisture content are CARS-SPA-LSSVM and UVE-SPA-LSSVM, respectively. The correlation coefficients of the optimal model are 0.969 and 0.942, respectively. The model built using LSSVM is better than that built using PLSR, but its operation time is longer. The results also show that the non-destructive detection method of red globe grape sugar and moisture content based on visible/near-infrared technology is feasible, and the detection accuracy of both two optimal detection models is high, which can meet detection requirements. Different models can be selected for different applications. The optimal model built by PLSR has shorter computation time and is suitable for online rapid detection. LSSVM has the best detection performance and can accurately detect red globe grape sugar and moisture content.
- red globe grape /
- sugar content /
- moisture content /
- visible/near-infrared technology /
- non-destructive testing

HTML全文

图 1 红提可见/近红外光谱采集系统图

Figure 1. Schematic of visible / near-infrared spectrum acquisition system for red globe grape

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 红提样本的原始光谱

Figure 2. Original spectra of red globe grape samples

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 红提糖度的GA特征波长选取图

Figure 3. GA characteristic wavelength selection map of sugar content of red globe grape

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 红提糖度的SPA特征波长选取图

Figure 4. SPA characteristic wavelength selection map of red globe grape′s sugar content

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 红提糖度的CARS特征波长选取图

Figure 5. CARS characteristic wavelength selection map of red globe grape′s sugar content

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 红提糖度的UVE特征波长选取图

Figure 6. UVE characteristic wavelength selection map of red globe grape′s sugar content

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 基于GA-SPA-PLSR红提糖度最优PLSR模型

Figure 7. Optimal PLSR model based on GA-SPA-PLSR for red globe grape′s sugar content

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 基于GA-SPA-PLSR红提含水率最优PLSR模型

Figure 8. Optimal PLSR model based on GA-SPA-PLSR red globe grape′s moisture content

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 基于CARS-SPA-LSSVM红提糖度最优LSSVM模型

Figure 9. Optimal LSSVM model based on CARS-SPA-LSSVM for red globe grape′s sugar content

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 基于CARS-SPA-LSSVM红提含水率最优LSSVM模型

Figure 10. Optimal LSSVM model based on CARS-SPA-LSSVM for red globe grape′s moisture content

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 原始光谱及采用不同预处理方法后建立的的全波长PLSR检测模型

Table 1. Original spectra and full-wavelength PLSR detection model established by different pretreatment methods

指标	预处理	LVs主因子数	校正集		预测集
指标	预处理	LVs主因子数	R_c	RMSEC	R_p	RMSEP
糖度	原始光谱	15	0.927	0.498	0.933	0.493
	SNV	19	0.954	0.412	0.907	0.468
	S_G	14	0.793	0.809	0.808	0.759
	Nor	20	0.957	0.401	0.878	0.516
含水率	原始光谱	15	0.901	0.549	0.868	0.780
	SNV	15	0.892	0.583	0.842	0.731
	Nor	15	0.893	0.603	0.832	0.719

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 利用KS算法划分样本集的数据统计

Table 2. Data statistics of sample sets partitioned by KS algorithm

样本数量	指标	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差S.D	变异系数C.V
校正集（270个）	糖度	16.8（°Brix）	24.0（°Brix）	20.2（°Brix）	1.334	6.595%
校正集（270个）	含水率	76.689%	84.327%	80.746%	1.268	1.570%
预测集（90个）	糖度	17.8（°Brix）	22.7（°Brix）	20.2（°Brix）	1.275	6.293%
预测集（90个）	含水率	76.635%	83.621%	80.582%	1.450	1.780%

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同放置模式的全波长PLSR检测模型

Table 3. Full-wavelength PLSR detection models of samples with different placement modes

放置模式	指标	LVs主因子数	校正集		预测集
放置模式	指标	LVs主因子数	R_c	RMSEC	R_p	RMSEP
竖放	糖度	16	0.922	0.503	0.907	0.589
竖放	含水率	15	0.897	0.567	0.861	0.812
横放	糖度	15	0.908	0.576	0.890	0.614
横放	含水率	15	0.884	0.629	0.811	0.921
平均光谱	糖度	15	0.927	0.498	0.933	0.493
平均光谱	含水率	15	0.901	0.549	0.868	0.780

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 基于特征波长建立的红提糖度和含水率PLSR检测模型

Table 4. PLSR detection models of red globe grape′s sugar and moisture content based on wavelength characteristics

指标	特征波长提取方法	波点个数	LVs主因子数	校正集		预测集		RPD
指标	特征波长提取方法	波点个数	LVs主因子数	R_c	RMSEC	R_p	RMSEP	RPD
糖度	原始光谱	1150	15	0.927	0.498	0.933	0.493	2.586
	GA	85	13	0.941	0.450	0.929	0.499	2.555
	SPA	17	15	0.889	0.610	0.921	0.527	2.419
	CARS	27	15	0.915	0.537	0.926	0.502	2.540
糖度	UVE	437	13	0.912	0.547	0.925	0.510	2.500
	CARS-SPA	9	5	0.896	0.592	0.919	0.529	2.410
	UVE-SPA	15	10	0.898	0.585	0.917	0.531	2.401
	GA-SPA	15	10	0.957	0.390	0.958	0.375	3.400
含水率	原始光谱	1150	15	0.901	0.549	0.868	0.780	1.860
	GA	78	10	0.900	0.551	0.892	0.728	1.992
	SPA	12	11	0.840	0.687	0.838	0.833	1.741
	CARS	27	15	0.901	0.549	0.868	0.780	1.859
	UVE	615	13	0.891	0.574	0.874	0.758	1.913
	CARS-SPA	11	11	0.819	0.726	0.848	0.858	1.690
	UVE-SPA	19	14	0.882	0.597	0.867	0.770	1.884
	GA-SPA	13	7	0.934	0.454	0.938	0.512	2.832

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 红提糖度和含水率PLSR检测模型的最优特征波点列表

Table 5. List of optimal wave point characteristics of the sugar and moister content of PLSR detection model for red globe grapes

指标	建模方法	波长/nm
糖度（15个）	GA-SPA-PLSR	722.35、774.15、802.39、813.39、867.92、882.13、904.45、910.44、929.67、943.31、950.11、954.36、968.36、975.57、1002.59
含水率（13个）	GA-SPA-PLSR	750.06、799.03、825.98、835.52、859.73、863.61、869.64、878.26、904.02、909.58、913.01、947.56、967.09

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 基于特征波长建立的红提糖度和含水率LSSVM检测模型

Table 6. LSSVM detection models of sugar and moisture content for red globe grapes based on wavelength characteristics

指标	特征波长提取方法	波点个数	γ	σ²	校正集		预测集		RPD
指标	特征波长提取方法	波点个数	γ	σ²	R_c	RMSEC	R_p	RMSEP	RPD
糖度	原始光谱	1150	606877.813	27698.587	0.976	0.296	0.937	0.451	2.827
	GA	85	486007.978	1715.475	0.964	0.354	0.940	0.441	2.891
	SPA	17	255631.106	269.184	0.946	0.436	0.905	0.544	2.344
	CARS	27	352524.566	442.091	0.944	0.442	0.941	0.434	2.938
	UVE	437	709628.506	8410.785	0.968	0.338	0.942	0.431	2.958
	CARS-SPA	9	493958.299	187.240	0.967	0.340	0.969	0.322	3.960
	UVE-SPA	15	394145.82	282.089	0.935	0.472	0.925	0.485	2.629
	GA-SPA	15	347263.829	384.322	0.935	0.473	0.937	0.449	2.839
含水率	原始光谱	1150	54302.715	46313.338	0.949	0.405	0.888	0.711	2.040
含水率	GA	78	351395.906	2351.707	0.931	0.465	0.899	0.683	2.124
含水率	SPA	12	224241.827	258.227	0.873	0.620	0.844	0.806	1.800
	CARS	27	454665.452	23000.299	0.962	0.350	0.891	0.686	2.114
	UVE	615	647436.819	22685.185	0.947	0.412	0.896	0.684	2.120
	CARS-SPA	11	751032.167	865.070	0.883	0.595	0.843	0.820	1.769
	UVE-SPA	19	606836.672	365.462	0.945	0.451	0.942	0.475	3.053
	GA-SPA	13	3888528.517	496.001	0.908	0.531	0.889	0.728	1.992

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 红提糖度和含水率LSSVM检测模型的最优特征波点列表

Table 7. List of optimal wave point characteristics of the sugar and moisture content of LSSVM detection model for red globe grape

指标	建模方法	波长/nm
糖度（9个）	CARS-SPA-LSSVM	826.41、874.38、880.84、904.45、910.44、915.15、944.16、950.96、974.30
含水率（19个）	UVE-SPA-LSSVM	644.83、647.94、711.77、726.76、768.90、781.14、803.82、815.56、825.98、863.61、876.53、888.14、909.16、914.72、959.03、965.40、995.85、997.96、1032.01

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(28)

[1]	国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2018. National Bureau of Statistics. China Statistical Yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2018. (in Chinese).
[2]	刘燕德, 徐海, 孙旭东, 等. 不同产地苹果糖度可见近红外光谱在线检测[J]. 中国光学,2020,13(3):482-491. LIU Y D, XU H, SUN X D, et al. On-line detection of soluble solids content of apples from different origins by visible and near-infrared spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Optics, 2020, 13(3): 482-491. (in Chinese)
[3]	ZHANG D Y, XU L, WANG Q Y, et al. The optimal local model selection for robust and fast evaluation of soluble solid content in melon with thick peel and large size by vis-NIR spectroscopy[J]. Food Analytical Methods, 2019, 12(1): 136-147. doi: 10.1007/s12161-018-1346-3
[4]	朱丹实, 张巧曼, 曹雪慧, 等. 湿度条件对巨峰葡萄贮藏过程中水分及质构变化的影响[J]. 食品科学,2014,35(22):340-345. doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201422066 ZHU D SH, ZHANG Q M, CAO X H, et al. Effect of relative humidity on the changes in water and texture of Kyoho grape during storage[J]. Food Science, 2014, 35(22): 340-345. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201422066
[5]	王凡, 李永玉, 彭彦昆, 等. 基于可见/近红外透射光谱的番茄红素含量无损检测方法研究[J]. 分析化学,2018,46(9):1424-1431. WANG F, LI Y Y, PENG Y K, et al. Nondestructive determination of Lycopene content based on visible/near infrared[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 46(9): 1424-1431. (in Chinese)
[6]	孙静涛, 马本学, 董娟, 等. 高光谱技术结合特征波长筛选和支持向量机的哈密瓜成熟度判别研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(7):2184-2191. SUN J T, MA B X, DONG J, et al. Study on maturity discrimination of Hami melon with hyperspectral imaging technology combined with characteristic wavelengths selection methods and SVM[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2017, 37(7): 2184-2191. (in Chinese)
[7]	陈欣欣, 郭辰彤, 张初, 等. 高光谱成像技术的库尔勒梨早期损伤可视化检测研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(1):150-155. CHEN X X, GUO CH T, ZHANG CH, et al. Visual detection study on early bruises of Korla pear based on hyperspectral imaging technology[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2017, 37(1): 150-155. (in Chinese)
[8]	王转卫, 迟茜, 郭文川, 等. 基于近红外光谱技术的发育后期苹果内部品质检测[J]. 农业机械学报,2018,49(5):348-354. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.05.041 WANG ZH W, CHI Q, GUO W CH, et al. Internal quality detection of apples during late developmental period based on near-infrared spectral technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(5): 348-354. (in Chinese) doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.05.041
[9]	彭彦昆, 赵芳, 白京, 等. 基于图谱特征的番茄种子活力检测与分级[J]. 农业机械学报,2018,49(2):327-333. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.02.042 PENG Y K, ZHAO F, BAI J, et al. Detection and classification of tomato seed vitality based on image processing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(2): 327-333. (in Chinese) doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.02.042
[10]	高升, 王巧华, 李庆旭, 等. 基于近红外光谱的红提维生素C含量、糖度及总酸含量无损检测方法[J]. 分析化学,2019,47(6):941-949. GAO SH, WANG Q H, LI Q X, et al. Non-destructive detection of vitamin c, sugar content and total acidity of red globe grape based on near-infrared spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2019, 47(6): 941-949. (in Chinese)
[11]	路皓翔, 徐明昌, 张卫东, 等. 基于压缩自编码融合极限学习机的柑橘黄龙病鉴别方法[J]. 分析化学,2019,47(5):652-660. LU H X, XU M CH, ZHANG W D, et al. Identification of citrus Huanglongbing based on contractive auto-encoder combined extreme learning machine[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2019, 47(5): 652-660. (in Chinese)
[12]	付丹丹, 王巧华, 高升, 等. 不同品种鸡蛋贮期S-卵白蛋白含量分析及其可见/近红外光谱无损检测模型研究[J]. 分析化学,2020,48(2):289-297. FU D D, WANG Q H, GAO SH, et al. Analysis of S-ovalbumin content of different varieties of eggs during storage and its nondestructive testing model by visible-near infrared spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2020, 48(2): 289-297. (in Chinese)
[13]	韩东海, 常冬, 宋曙辉, 等. 小型西瓜品质近红外无损检测的光谱信息采集[J]. 农业机械学报,2013,44(7):174-178. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.07.030 HAN D H, CHANG D, SONG SH H, et al. Information collection of mini watermelon quality using near-infrared non-destructive detection[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2013, 44(7): 174-178. (in Chinese) doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.07.030
[14]	孙海霞, 薛建新, 张淑娟, 等. 基于光谱和水分补偿方法的鲜枣内部品质检测[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(8):2513-2518. SUN H X, XUE J X, ZHANG SH J, et al. Detection of internal quality in fresh jujube based on moisture compensation and visible/near infrared spectra[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2017, 37(8): 2513-2518. (in Chinese)
[15]	刘燕德, 朱丹宁, 孙旭东, 等. 苹果可溶性固形物便携式检测实验研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(10):3260-3265. LIU Y D, ZHU D N, SUN X D, et al. Study on detecting soluble solids in fruits based on portable near infrared spectrometer[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2017, 37(10): 3260-3265. (in Chinese)
[16]	许锋, 付丹丹, 王巧华, 等. 基于MCCV-CARS-RF建立红提糖度和酸度的可见-近红外光谱无损检测方法[J]. 食品科学,2018,39(8):149-154. doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201808024 XU F, FU D D, WANG Q H, et al. Nondestructive detection of sugar content and acidity in red globe table grapes using visible near infrared spectroscopy based on monte-carlo cross validation-competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-random forest (MCCV-CARS-RF)[J]. Food Science, 2018, 39(8): 149-154. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201808024
[17]	樊书祥, 黄文倩, 郭志明, 等. 苹果产地差异对可溶性固形物近红外光谱检测模型影响的研究[J]. 分析化学,2015,43(2):239-244. FAN SH X, HUANG W Q, GUO ZH M, et al. Assessment of influence of origin variability on robustness of near infrared models for soluble solid content of apples[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 43(2): 239-244. (in Chinese)
[18]	中华全国供销合作总社. GH/T 1022-2000 鲜葡萄[S]. http://down.foodmate.net/standard/sort/9/4163.html, 2000. All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives. GH/T 1022-2000 Table grapes[S]. http://down.foodmate.net/standard/sort/9/4163.html, 2000. (in Chinese).
[19]	中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 2637-2014 水果和蔬菜可溶性固形物含量的测定——折射仪法[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2015. The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T 2637-2014 Refractometric method for determination of total soluble solids in fruits and vegetables[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2015. (in Chinese).
[20]	中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. GB 5009.3-2016 食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017. State Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China. GB 5009.3-2016 Determination of moisture in food[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2017. (in Chinese)
[21]	王拓, 戴连奎, 马万武. 拉曼光谱结合后向间隔偏最小二乘法用于调和汽油辛烷值定量分析[J]. 分析化学,2018,46(4):623-629. doi: 10.11895/j.issn.0253-3820.170278 WANG T, DAI L K, MA W W. Quantitative analysis of blended gasoline octane number using raman spectroscopy with backward interval partial least squares method[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 46(4): 623-629. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11895/j.issn.0253-3820.170278
[22]	孙海霞, 张淑娟, 薛建新, 等. 变量优选补正算法的鲜枣可溶性固形物检测模型传递方法研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析,2019,39(4):1041-1046. SUN H X, ZHANG SH J, XUE J X, et al. Model transfer method of fresh jujube soluble solids detection using variables optimization and correction algorithms[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2019, 39(4): 1041-1046. (in Chinese)
[23]	DOGN J L, GUO W CH, WANG ZH W, et al. Nondestructive determination of soluble solids content of ‘Fuji’ apples produced in different areas and bagged with different materials during ripening[J]. Food Analytical Methods, 2016, 9(5): 1087-1095. doi: 10.1007/s12161-015-0278-4
[24]	DONG J L, GUO W CH. Nondestructive determination of apple internal qualities using near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging[J]. Food Analytical Methods, 2015, 8(10): 2635-2646. doi: 10.1007/s12161-015-0169-8
[25]	王浩云, 宋进, 潘磊庆, 等. 优化BP神经网络提高高光谱检测调理鸡肉菌落总数精度[J]. 农业工程学报,2020,36(5):302-309. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.05.035 WANG H Y, SONG J, PAN L Q, et al. Improving hyperspectral detection accuracy of total bacteria in prepared chicken using optimized BP neural network[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(5): 302-309. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.05.035
[26]	王凡, 彭彦昆, 汤修映, 等. 樱桃番茄可溶性固形物含量的可见/近红外透射光谱无损检测[J]. 中国食品学报,2018,18(10):235-240. WANG F, PENG Y K, TANG X Y, et al. Near infrared nondestructive testing of soluble solids content of cherry tomato[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 18(10): 235-240. (in Chinese)
[27]	史云颖, 李敬岩, 褚小立. 多元校正模型传递方法的进展与应用[J]. 分析化学,2019,47(4):479-487. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2040(19)61152-7 SHI Y Y, LI J Y, CHU X L. Progress and applications of multivariate calibration model transfer methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2019, 47(4): 479-487. (in Chinese) doi: 10.1016/S1872-2040(19)61152-7
[28]	王键, 汪六三, 王儒敬, 等. 基于优选波长的复合肥总氮含量可见/近红外光谱分析[J]. 发光学报,2018,39(12):1785-1791. doi: 10.3788/fgxb20183912.1785 WANG J, WANG L S, WANG R J, et al. Analysis of total nitrogen in compound fertilizers by VIS-NIR spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence, 2018, 39(12): 1785-1791. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/fgxb20183912.1785