中红外Fe<sup>2+</sup>:ZnSe激光器研究进展

徐飞; 潘其坤; 陈飞; 张阔; 于德洋; 何洋; 孙俊杰

doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0180

中红外Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器研究进展

doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0180

徐飞^{1, 2,},
潘其坤^1, ,,
陈飞¹,
张阔¹,
于德洋¹,
何洋¹,
孙俊杰¹

1.
中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所激光与物质相互作用国家重点实验室吉林长春 130033
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（No. 61705219）；吉林省优秀青年人才基金（No. 20190103133JH）；激光与物质相互作用国家重点实验室基金（No. SKLLIM1914）

详细信息

作者简介:
徐　飞（1996—），男，山西太原人，硕士研究生，2019年于太原理工大学获得学士学位，主要从事Fe²⁺：ZnSe激光器方面的研究。E-mail：xufei20202020@outlook.com

潘其坤（1985—），男，河南开封人，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，2014年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事红外高功率激光器及其应用技术研究。E-mail：panqikun2005@163.com

中图分类号: TN248
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-10
- 修回日期: 2020-11-09
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-05
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-14

Development progress of Fe²⁺:ZnSe lasers

XU Fei^{1, 2
,},
PAN Qi-kun^{1
, ,},
CHEN Fei¹,
ZHANG Kuo¹,
YU De-yang¹,
HE Yang¹,
SUN Jun-jie¹

1.
State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: Supported by Nature National Science Foundation of China (No. 61705219); Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project (No. 20190103133JH); Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Laser interaction with Matter (No. SKLLIM1914)

More Information

Corresponding author: panqikun2005@163.com

摘要

摘要: 发光谱位于3~5 μm大气窗口处的中红外激光在医疗、工业加工、大气遥感、空间通讯、红外对抗等领域具有广泛的应用前景。以过渡金属（TM）掺杂Ⅱ~Ⅵ族硫化物晶体作为增益介质的激光器件可实现中红外激光输出，其中Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器具有转换效率高、中红外波段可调谐范围宽、结构紧凑等优点，是中红外波段实现高功率、高能量、短脉冲的最有效途径之一。随着近些年材料技术的发展，Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器发展迅速，逐渐成为热点之一。本文综述了以Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器为代表的TM²⁺:Ⅱ~Ⅵ族激光器的发展历程，介绍并分析了Fe²⁺:ZnSe增益介质的制备方法，讨论了影响Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器性能的泵浦源及因素，综合评述了Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器的输出特性，总结了Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器在室温和超短脉冲方向上的最新进展，并展望了Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器后续可能的发展方向。
- 中红外激光 /
- TM²⁺:Ⅱ~Ⅵ族激光器 /
- Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器 /
- 晶体制备 /
- 性能分析
Abstract: Mid-infrared lasers with emission spectrums located in the 3~5 μm atmospheric window have a wide range of possible applications in medical treatment, industrial processing, atmospheric remote sensing, space communication, infrared countermeasures and other fields. Transition Metal (TM) doped Ⅱ~Ⅵ group sulfide crystals can be used as the gain medium to achieve mid-infrared laser output. Among them, Fe^{2 +}:ZnSe lasers are advantageous for their high conversion efficiency, their wide tunable range in the mid-infrared band and their compact structure. They are one of the most effective ways of achieving a short pulse with high power and high energy in the mid-infrared band. With the development of material technology in recent years, Fe^{2 +}:ZnSe lasers have begun developing rapidly and have become a heavily researched topic. This paper reviews the development of a TM²⁺:Ⅱ~Ⅵ laser represented by a Fe^{2 +}:ZnSe laser. The preparation methods of a Fe^{2 +}:ZnSe gain medium are introduced and analyzed. The pump sources and factors affecting the performance of Fe^{2 +}:ZnSe lasers are discussed. The output characteristics of the Fe^{2 +}:ZnSe laser are reviewed. The latest development of Fe^{2 +}:ZnSe lasers in room temperature and ultrashort pulse directions is summarized and prospected. The possible future development direction of Fe^{2 +}:ZnSe lasers is discussed.
- mid-infrared laser /
- TM²⁺:Ⅱ~Ⅵ laser /
- Fe^{2 +}:ZnSe laser /
- crystal preparation /
- performance analysis

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图 1 Fe²⁺:ZnSe能级结构^[9]

Figure 1. Energy level structure of Fe²⁺:ZnSe^[9]

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图 2 (a)室温下及(b)14 K和300 K下Fe²⁺:ZnSe晶体的吸收截面和发射截面^[11]

Figure 2. Absorption cross-section and emission cross-section of Fe²⁺:ZnSe crystal at room temperature (a) and at (b) 14 K and 300 K^[11]

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图 3 Bridgman法装置简图^[21]

Figure 3. The growth diagram for the Bridgman method^[21]

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图 4 键合前元件结构示意图。(a)一层掺杂层结构图；(b)两层掺杂层结构图^[31]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the assembly of elements before bonding. (a) Assembly for fabricating elements with one diffusion-doped internal layer; (b) assembly for fabricating elements with two diffusion-doped internal layers^[31]

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图 5 键合前的半月板结构示意图^[32]

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the assembly of elements with meniscus structure before bonding^[32]

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图 6 实验方案示意图。 (a)斜入射腔结构光路；(b)正入射腔结构光路^[37]

Figure 6. Schemes of the experiments. (a) Inclined pumping; (b) coaxial pumping^[37]

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图 7 四端泵浦腔结构光路^[45]

Figure 7. Light path of the quadruple end pump cavity^[45]

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图 8 Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光输出斜率。(a)未镀石墨样品；(b)镀石墨样品^[58]（d:光斑直径）

Figure 8. Output energy of the Fe²⁺:ZnSe laser. (a) Sample #1 without graphite coating; (b) sample #2 coated with graphite^[58] (d: spot diameter)

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表 1 Fe²⁺:ZnSe激光器泵浦源的研究情况

Table 1. Research status of Fe²⁺:ZnSe lasers’ pump source

作者（年）	泵浦源	工作温度	激光输出波长	激光输出参数
Adams(1999)^[6]	Er:YAG 2.7 μm	5~180 K	3980~4540 nm	12 μJ(脉冲) 48 μs，100 Hz
Kernal(2005)^[11]	Nd:YAG(D₂拉曼) 2.92 μm(2^nd stokes)	室温	3900~4800 nm	1 μJ
Akimov(2006)^[48]	Er:YAG 2.94 μm	室温	3950~5050 nm	370 μJ(脉冲) 100 ns，60 Hz
Doroshenko(2010)^[49]	Er:YAG 2.94 μm	室温	4300~4600 nm	0.58 mJ(脉冲) 1 Hz
Myoung(2011)^[50]	Er:Cr:YSGG 2.8 μm，20 ns	室温	4370 nm	3.6 mJ(脉冲) 6.7 Hz
Fedorov(2012)^[51]	Cr:ZnSe 2.7 μm	77 K	4140 nm	1.5 W(连续激光)
Frolov(2013)^[41]	Er:YAG 2.94 μm	85 K	4100 nm	2.1 J(脉冲) 0.3−0.5 μs
Velikanov(2014)^[52]	HF 2.6~3.1 μm	室温	4600~4700 nm	30 mJ(脉冲) 125 ns
Martyshkin(2015)^[53]	Er:YAG 2.94 μm，自由运转	77 K	3880~4170 nm	0.35 J(脉冲) 150 μs，100 Hz
Velikanov(2016)^[54]	HF 2.6~3.1 μm	室温		1.2 J(脉冲)
Balabanov(2018)^[31]	HF 140 ns	室温		480 mJ(脉冲)
Frolov(2019)^[27]	Er:YAG 2.94 μm，自由运转	278~291 K		1.6 J(脉冲)
李英一(2019)^[55]	Ho:YAG(ZGP-OPO) 2.6~3.1 μm	288~301 K	4030.2~4593.6 nm	58 mW(脉冲) 2.7 ns
李英一(2019)^[56]	Ho,Pr:LLF(Nd:YAG KTP-OPO) 2958 nm	77 K	4000 nm	16.4 μJ(脉冲) 13.9 ns
Uehara(2020)^[57]	Er:ZBLAN光纤2.8 μm，连续输出	77 K	4050 nm	峰值功率1.1 kW 20 ns，40 kHz

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