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摘要: 混沌激光由于其类噪声的随机性和优良的抗干扰性，广泛应用于混沌保密通讯、激光雷达、光学检测等方面，而且半导体激光器自身体积小且结构稳定，成为产生混沌激光的主要激光器之一。但是，常规光反馈结构的半导体激光器系统输出的混沌激光信号带宽较窄且存在延时特征，这严重影响了混沌激光的应用。针对半导体激光器系统的上述问题，本文综合介绍了降低延时特征和优化混沌激光带宽的研究进展，对混沌保密通讯十分重要的混沌激光的同步性研究进展和半导体激光器系统输出的混沌激光在应用方面的研究进行了总结，并最终对半导体激光器系统输出的混沌激光的未来发展与应用前景进行展望。Abstract: Chaotic lasers are widely used in secure communication, lidar, optical detection and other applications due to their noise-like randomness, excellent anti-interference and other advantages. Moreover, as semiconductor lasers have small size, stable structure and other advantages, it has become one of the main lasers to produce optical chaos. However, the chaotic laser output from conventional optical feedback semiconductor lasers has the problems of narrow signal bandwidth and delay characteristics, which seriously affect their applications. With consideration for these problems, a comprehensive introduction to reduce the delay characteristics and optimize the chaotic laser bandwidth are reviewed based on recent literatures. This paper also summarizes the research progresses of chaotic secret communication, which is very important in the synchronization of chaotic lasers. The chaotic output of semiconductor lasers and the applications of chaotic lasers are also summarized, and then their development and potential future applications are discussed.
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Key words:
- chaotic laser /
- time delay signature /
- synchronization of chaos /
- signal bandwidth
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图 3 (a)具有光注入的散射反馈半导体激光器系统装置示意图；(b)外腔反馈延迟的相关系数与光纤长度的关系（蓝线），红线表示混沌光信号本身的相关噪底[35]
Figure 3. (a)Schematic diagram of a scattering feedback semiconductor laser system with light injection; (b) correlation coefficient at the external cavity feedback delay as a function of the fiber length, which is represented by the blue line, the red line represents the correlation noise floor of the chaotic light signal itself[35]
图 6 (a)具有时滞的互耦合半导体激光器的模型，τ为光的传播延迟时间；(b) 实线与虚线分别表示激光器1与激光器2成为局部领先者的概率[49]
Figure 6. Model for mutually-coupled semiconductor lasers with a time delay, τ is the propagation delay time of the light; (b) the solid line and the dotted line respectively represent the probability that laser 1 or 2 is locally the leader[49]
表 1 单激光器混沌激光性能优化
Table 1. Optimization of chaos in the laser system
Research institute Parameter Methods for improvement Evaluation function Ecole Supérieured’Electricité τ,kap \ ACF[15], DMI[15] Ecole Supérieured’Electricité τ,kap,J \ ACF[15,], DMI[15] Xidian University kap,τ,kpm electronic component ACF[15], PE[16] City University of Hong Kong Δf,kap change optical feedback structure ACF[15], BW[17] National Tsing Hua University kap signal processing ACF[15], DMI[15] Bangor University J change optical feedback structure BW[17] Université Paris-Saclay kap, τ change optical feedback structure BW[17] Taiyuan University of Technology α \ ACF[15], LPE[19] Changchun University of Science and Technology τ, kap,J,B electronic component ACF[15], BW[17] University of Ottawa kap change optical feedback structure ACF[15] Taiyuan University of Technology kap,J signal processing ACF[15], PE[16] 
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表 2 多个激光器系统输出混沌激光性能优化
Table 2. Optimization of chaos in systems composed of multiple lasers
Research Institutes Parameters Methods Evaluation functions Information Engineering University J1,J2,Δf,kinj \ ACF[15], DMI[15] Taiyuan University of Technology Δf,kinj \ BW[17] Yantai University kinj,kap,α,ε change feedback structure ACF[15] Taiyuan University of Technology \ change feedback structure ACF[15] University of Electronic Science and Technology kpm electronic component ACF[15], DMI[15] Changchun University of Science and Technology τ,kinj,kap,J,Λ electronic component ACF[15], DMI[15], BW[17] Changchun University of Science and Technology kinj,kap,J, electronic component ACF[15], BW[17]
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