-
摘要: 水体对光线的散射是水下图像质量劣化的重要因素，为了定量分析在特定光源照射下水体散射的影响，建立了光线水下传输的散射模型，以此为基础推导出求解水下光场分布的Fredholm积分方程。在水中光线能量随距离的增大呈指数规律衰减，基于此，在水体体散射函数为常数的情况下，给出了有边界条件时该积分方程的数值迭代求解方法，得到高精度的水下光场分布。以太阳、均匀亮度天空、水下点光源以及空中点光源为例，分别给出了水面平静时的水下光场的计算结果。该求解方法可推广应用于任意光源配置、任意边界条件下的水下光场分布，为严格推导水体点扩展函数及调制传递函数奠定了基础。Abstract: The scattering of light by water is an important factor in the deterioration of underwater image quality. In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of water scattering under the irradiation of a specific light source, the scattering model of underwater light transmission is established, and the Fredholm integral equation for solving the distribution of underwater light field is derived. Under conditions where the light energy underwater decays exponentially with an increase in distance and the volume scattering function of the water is constant, the numerical iterative solution method of the integral equation with boundary conditions is given and the high-precision underwater light field distribution can be obtained. Taking the sun, uniform sky brightness, and underwater and overwater point light sources as examples, the calculation results of their underwater light fields when the water surface is calm are given. This method can be extended to solve the distribution of underwater light fields under arbitrary light source configurations and arbitrary boundary conditions, which lays a foundation for strictly deriving a point spread function and modulation transfer function for water bodies.
-
图 5 太阳照射下水下光场迭代曲线
Figure 5. Iteration curves of the underwater light field from the sun
图 7 天空背景照射下水下光场迭代曲线
Figure 7. Iteration curves of the underwater light field with the sky as the background
图 8 水下点光源形成的水下初始光场
Figure 8. Underwater initial light field by an underwater point light source
-
[1] KOCAK D M, DALGLEISH F R, CAIMI F M, et al. A focus on recent developments and trends in underwater imaging[J]. Marine Technology Society Journal, 2008, 42(1): 52-67. doi: 10.4031/002533208786861209 [2] DALGLEISH F R, VUORENKOSKI A K, OUYANG B. Extended-range undersea laser imaging: current research status and a glimpse at future technologies[J]. Marine Technology Society Journal, 2013, 47(5): 128-147. doi: 10.4031/MTSJ.47.5.16 [3] JAFFE J S. Underwater optical imaging: the past, the present, and the prospects[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2015, 40(3): 683-700. doi: 10.1109/JOE.2014.2350751 [4] 曹峰梅, 金伟其, 黄有为, 等. 水下光电成像技术与装备研究进展(上)——水下激光距离选通技术[J]. 红外技术,2011,33(2):63-69. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8891.2011.02.001CAO F M, JIN W Q, HUANG Y W, et al. Review of underwater opto-electrical imaging technology and equipment (I)——underwater laser range-gated imaging technology[J]. Infrared Technology, 2011, 33(2): 63-69. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8891.2011.02.001 [5] 金伟其, 王霞, 曹峰梅, 等. 水下光电成像技术与装备研究进展(下)[J]. 红外技术,2011,33(3):125-132. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8891.2011.03.001JIN W Q, WANG X, CAO F M, et al. Review of underwater opto-electrical imaging technology and equipment (Ⅱ)[J]. Infrared Technology, 2011, 33(3): 125-132. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8891.2011.03.001 [6] 梅风华, 李超, 张玉鑫. 光谱成像技术在海域目标探测中的应用[J]. 中国光学,2017,10(6):708-718. doi: 10.3788/co.20171006.0708MEI F H, LI CH, ZHANG Y X. Application of spectral imaging technology in maritime target detection[J]. Chinese Optics, 2017, 10(6): 708-718. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/co.20171006.0708 [7] 全向前, 陈祥子, 全永前, 等. 深海光学照明与成像系统分析及进展[J]. 中国光学,2018,11(2):153-165. doi: 10.3788/co.20181102.0153QUAN X Q, CHEN X Z, QUAN Y Q, et al. Analysis and research progress of deep-sea optical illumination and imaging system[J]. Chinese Optics, 2018, 11(2): 153-165. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/co.20181102.0153 [8] 胡浩丰, 李校博, 刘铁根. 基于偏振成像的水下图像复原技术研究最新进展[J]. 红外与激光工程,2019,48(6):0603006. doi: 10.3788/IRLA201948.0603006HU H F, LI X B, LIU T G. Recent advances in underwater image restoration technique based on polarimetric imaging[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2019, 48(6): 0603006. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/IRLA201948.0603006 [9] 李庆忠, 白文秀, 牛炯. 基于改进CycleGAN的水下图像颜色校正与增强[J]. 自动化学报, 2020(2020-12-04).LI Q ZH, BAI W X, NIU J. Underwater image color correction and enhancement based on improved cycle-consistent generative adversarial networks[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2020(2020-12-04). [10] 王新伟, 孙亮, 王敏敏, 等. 水下二维及三维距离选通成像去噪技术研究[J]. 红外与激光工程,2020,49(2):0203002. doi: 10.3788/IRLA202049.0203002WANG X W, SUN L, WANG M M, et al. Deblurring methods for underwater 2D and 3D range-gated imaging[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2020, 49(2): 0203002. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/IRLA202049.0203002 [11] 刘群, 刘崇, 朱小磊, 等. 星载海洋激光雷达最佳工作波长分析[J]. 中国光学,2020,13(1):148-155. doi: 10.3788/co.20201301.0148LIU Q, LIU CH, ZHU X L, et al. Analysis of the optimal operating wavelength of spaceborne oceanic Lidar[J]. Chinese Optics, 2020, 13(1): 148-155. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/co.20201301.0148 [12] 曲锐, 杨建峰, 曹剑中, 等. 水下大视场连续变焦光学系统设计[J]. 红外与激光工程,2021,50(7):20200468. doi: 10.3788/IRLA20200468QU R, YANG J F, CAO J ZH, et al. Design of underwater large field of view zoom optical system[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2021, 50(7): 20200468. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/IRLA20200468 [13] MOBLEY C D. Light and Water: Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters[M]. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994. [14] JERLOV N G. Marine Optics[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1976. [15] 董冰, 佟首峰, 张鹏, 等. 20 m水下无线蓝光LED通信系统样机设计[J]. 中国光学,2021,14(6):1451-1458. doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0190DONG B, TONG SH F, ZHANG P, et al. Design of a 20 m underwater wireless optical communication system based on blue LED[J]. Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(6): 1451-1458. (in Chinese) doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0190 [16] YANG X Q, TONG ZH J, DAI Y ZH, et al. 100 m full-duplex underwater wireless optical communication based on blue and green lasers and high sensitivity detectors[J]. Optics Communications, 2021, 498: 127261. doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2021.127261 [17] DUNTLEY S Q. Light in the sea[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1963, 53(2): 214-233. doi: 10.1364/JOSA.53.000214 [18] DEL GROSSO V. Modulation transfer function of water[C]. OCEAN 75 Conference, IEEE, 1975: 331-347. [19] MERTENS L E, REPLOGLE F S JR. Use of point spread and beam spread functions for analysis of imaging systems in water[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1977, 67(8): 1105-1117. doi: 10.1364/JOSA.67.001105 [20] JAFFE J S. Computer modeling and the design of optimal underwater imaging systems[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 1990, 15(2): 101-111. doi: 10.1109/48.50695 [21] HOU W L, GRAY D J, WEIDEMANN A D, et al. Comparison and validation of point spread models for imaging in natural waters[J]. Optics Express, 2008, 16(13): 9958-9965. doi: 10.1364/OE.16.009958 [22] HOU W L. A simple underwater imaging model[J]. Optics Letters, 2009, 34(17): 2688-2690. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.002688 [23] VOSS K J. Simple empirical model of the oceanic point spread function[J]. Applied Optics, 1991, 30(18): 2647-2651. doi: 10.1364/AO.30.002647 [24] 陈养渭. 水下激光散射场的实验研究[J]. 舰船科学技术,1996(2):44-48.CHEN Y W. Experimental study on underwater laser scattering field[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 1996(2): 44-48. (in Chinese) [25] 闫旭光, 彭复员, 徐国华, 等. 海水介质中激光前向散射的空间时间特性分析[J]. 激光技术,2005,29(3):266-269. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3806.2005.03.031YAN X G, PENG F Y, XU G H, et al. Analysis of temporal and frequency characteristics of fore-scattered laser in ocean channel[J]. Laser Technology, 2005, 29(3): 266-269. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3806.2005.03.031 [26] 宋庆君, 唐军武. 黄海、东海海区水体散射特性研究[J]. 海洋学报,2006,28(4):56-63.SONG Q J, TANG J W. The study on the scattering properties in the Huanghai sea and east China sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2006, 28(4): 56-63. (in Chinese) [27] 李彩, 曹文熙, 柯天存, 等. 水体体散射函数测量技术研究进展[J]. 热带海洋学报,2013,32(5):65-72. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2013.05.009LI C, CAO W X, KE T C, et al. Progress in measurement techniques of volume scattering function of the ocean[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2013, 32(5): 65-72. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2013.05.009 [28] 许廷发, 罗璇, 苏畅, 等. 多帧距离选通图像点扩散函数估计的超分辨率重建[J]. 中国光学,2016,9(2):226-233. doi: 10.3788/co.20160902.0226XU T F, LUO X, SU CH, et al. Super-resolution reconstruction of multiformat laser range-gated image by the estimate of point-spread function[J]. Chinese Optics, 2016, 9(2): 226-233. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/co.20160902.0226 [29] 褚金奎, 张培奇, 成昊远, 等. 基于特定偏振态成像的水下图像去散射方法[J]. 光学 精密工程,2021,29(5):1207-1215. doi: 10.37188/OPE.20212905.1207CHU J K, ZHANG P Q, CHENG H Y, et al. De-scattering method of underwater image based on imaging of specific polarization state[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2021, 29(5): 1207-1215. (in Chinese) doi: 10.37188/OPE.20212905.1207 [30] 王元, 文兰, 陈木法. 数学大辞典[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010.WANG Y, WEN L, CHEN M F. Dictionary of Mathematics[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2010. (in Chinese) [31] 张以谟. 应用光学[M]. 3版. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2008.ZHANG Y M. Applied Optics[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: Electronics Industry Press, 2008. (in Chinese) [32] POTTER R E. Observations from below a rough water surface to determine conditions of or above the surface waves: US, 5528493[P]. 1996. [33] 何大华, 李俊瑶. 水下对太阳成像估算海况的新方法[J]. 光学与光电技术,2019,17(1):11-15.HE D H, LI J Y. A new method for estimating sea state by underwater solar imaging[J]. Optics &Optoelectronic Technology, 2019, 17(1): 11-15. (in Chinese) [34] 何大华, 李苏, 李亚鹏. 反向追迹法获取水下对空全景图像[J]. 应用光学,2020,41(5):929-937. doi: 10.5768/JAO202041.0502001HE D H, LI S, LI Y P. Obtaining water-to-air panoramic images by inverse ray tracing method[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2020, 41(5): 929-937. (in Chinese) doi: 10.5768/JAO202041.0502001 [35] 卢腾飞, 张凯宁, 吴志军, 等. 椭圆涡旋光束在海洋湍流中的传输特性[J]. 中国光学,2020,13(2):323-332. doi: 10.3788/co.20201302.0323LU T F, ZHANG K N, WU ZH J, et al. Propagation properties of elliptical vortex beams in turbulent ocean[J]. Chinese Optics, 2020, 13(2): 323-332. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/co.20201302.0323 [36] 蒲欢, 季小玲. 海洋湍流中光学成像相关问题研究[J]. 光学学报,2016,36(10):1026014. doi: 10.3788/AOS201636.1026014PU H, JI X L. Problems of optical imaging in oceanic turbulence[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2016, 36(10): 1026014. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3788/AOS201636.1026014 [37] WU C S, KO J, DAVIS C C. Imaging through water turbulence with a plenoptic sensor[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2016, 9979: 99790Z. -
下载:
图(9)
计量
- 文章访问数: 930
- HTML全文浏览量: 752
- PDF下载量: 144
- 被引次数: 0
