太赫兹超分辨率成像研究进展

曹丙花; 张宇盟; 范孟豹; 孙凤山; 刘林

doi:10.37188/CO.2021-0198

太赫兹超分辨率成像研究进展

doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0198

1.
中国矿业大学信息与控制工程学院, 江苏徐州 221000
2.
中国矿业大学机电工程学院, 江苏徐州 221000
3.
北京航天计量测试技术研究所, 北京 100076

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（No. 62071471）；江苏省自然科学基金（No. BK20211244）

详细信息

作者简介:
曹丙花（1981—），女，山东泰安人，博士，副教授，博士生导师，2004年6月于电子科技大学获得学士学位，2009年6月于浙江大学获得博士学位，2009年至今于中国矿业大学信息与控制工程学院任教。主要从事人工智能及应用、太赫兹无损检测与成像、嵌入式系统及仪器开发、机器人开发等方面研究。E-mail: caobinghua@cumt.edu.cn

张宇盟(1993—)，男，内蒙古通辽人，硕士研究生在读。主要从事太赫兹无损检测与成像系统方面研究。E-mail: 732412741@qq.com

中图分类号: O43
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-12
- 修回日期: 2021-12-13
- 录用日期: 2022-01-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-01-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-20

Research progress of terahertz super-resolution imaging

1.
School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
2.
School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Aerospace Metrology and Measurement Technology, Bejing 100076, China

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundtion of China (No. 62071471); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20211244)

More Information

Corresponding author: caobinghua@cumt.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目前太赫兹(Terahertz, THz)成像技术在许多领域被视为最前沿技术之一，经过20年的发展，取得了巨大进步。随着科研、医疗、军事以及工业应用需求的增长，高分辨率THz图像变得不可或缺。超分辨率成像是目前THz技术的研究热点。本文首先回顾了THz系统的成像方法，包括连续波成像与脉冲波成像两种方式；在此基础上，详细介绍了THz超分辨率成像系统与THz信号处理技术，其中超分辨率成像系统包括近场成像、超透镜以及太喷射装置等，THz信号处理技术包括超分辨率重建与卷积计算等；最后，通过分析目前超分辨率成像存在的不足，比如系统的制造工艺要求高、采集速度慢以及重建图像使用的学习样本分辨率较低等，从而进一步对超分辨率成像研究方向进行展望。
- 太赫兹 /
- 近场成像 /
- 超透镜 /
- 光子喷射 /
- 超分辨率重建 /
- 卷积
Abstract: Terahertz (THz) imaging technology has recently become one of the most cutting-edge technologies in many fields and has made great progress in its development over the past two decades. With the increasing demands of scientific research, medical treatment, military and industrial applications, high-resolution THz images have become indispensable. To obtain high-resolution THz images, super-resolution imaging has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the imaging methods of a THz system are reviewed, including continuous wave imaging and pulse wave imaging. On this basis, THz super-resolution imaging systems and THz signal processing technologies are described in detail. The super-resolution imaging systems include near-field imaging, super lens and terajet effect, etc. The THz signal processing technologies could be grouped as either super-resolution reconstruction and convolution calculations. Finally, the shortcomings of current super-resolution imaging technologies were discussed. There are still some bottlenecks that need to be resolved such as the high manufacturing process requirements of the system, the slow acquisition speed, and the low resolution of the learning samples used to reconstruct images. With this analysis, the research direction of super-resolution imaging is proposed.
- terahertz /
- near field imaging /
- super lens /
- photon jet /
- super resolution reconstruction /
- convolution calculation

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图 1 太赫兹成像装置原理图。（a）太赫兹连续波系统；（b）太赫兹时域光谱系统

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the terahertz imaging device. (a) THz-CW system; (b) THz-TDS system

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图 2 （a）倏逝场示意图和（b）近场扫描示意图^[19]

Figure 2. Schematic diagrams of (a) evanescent field and (b) near field scanning^[19]

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图 3 太赫兹近场成像方法示意图。（a）共焦法原理图^[25]；（b）波导法示意图^[28]；（c）孔径法示意图^[31]；（d）光导探针示意图^[32]；（e）光导探针测量过程示意图^[32]

Figure 3. Principle diagram of Terahertz near field imaging method. (a) Schematic diagram of confocal method^[25]; (b) schematic diagram of waveguide system^[28]; (c) schematic diagram of aperture system^[31]; (d) schematic diagram of photoconductive probe^[32]; (e) schematic diagram of photoconductive probe measurement^[32]

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图 4 太赫兹超材料。（a）开口谐振环结构^[37]；（b）太赫兹吸波器^[38]

Figure 4. Terahertz metamaterials. (a) Split resonant ring^[37]; (b) terahertz absorber^[38]

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图 5 太赫兹光栅超透镜。（a）金属光栅超透镜^[42]；（b）扇形光栅超透镜^[43]

Figure 5. Terahertz grating metalens. (a) Metal grating metalens^[42]; (b) sector grating metalens^[43]

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图 6 太赫兹金属超透镜。(a)放射型金属线超透镜^[44]；（b）周期金属线超透镜^[47]

Figure 6. Terahertz metal metalens. (a) Radial metal wire metalens^[44]; (b) periodic metal wire metalens^[47]

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图 7 太赫兹石墨烯超透镜。（a）双层石墨烯超透镜^[50]；（b）扇形多层结构石墨烯双曲超透镜^[52]；（c）扇形调制结构石墨烯双曲超透镜^[54]

Figure 7. Terahertz graphene metalens. (a) Dobule-layer graphene metalens^[50]; (b) sector multilayer graphene hyperbolic metalens^[52]; (c) sector modulated graphene hyperbolic metalens^[54]

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图 8 太喷射THz-TDS应用^[59]。（a）聚四氟乙烯介质小球工作示意图；（b）硅介质光栅成像对比图

Figure 8. Terajet THz-TDS application^[59]. (a) Working diagram of teflon sphere; (b) comparison chart of silicon dielectric grating imaging

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图 9 适应性超分辨率方法示意图^[68]

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of an adaptive super-resolution method^[68]

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图 10 采用Gaus2小波变换处理前后的成像对比图^[73]。

Figure 10. Imaging comparison diagram^[73] (a) before and (b) after Gaus2 wavelet transform

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