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摘要:
面向机载激光差分吸收雷达对小型轻量化激光光源的应用需求，研制了紧凑型自动调谐脉冲CO2激光器。首先，研究了射频波导腔内光束和自由空间光学斩波光束孔径匹配关系，设计了具有实焦点的腔内光束变换系统，实验验证了斩波器通光孔径对激光脉冲波形的影响。其次，研究了CO2激光器的波长调谐特性，分析了相邻激光谱线光栅衍射角度差，并基于高精度电动转台和金属闪耀光栅，实现了CO2激光器波长自动调谐输出。最后，基于小型轻量化模块设计，完成了紧凑型自动调谐脉冲CO2激光器集成。实验结果表明，该激光器在1 kHz条件下运转稳定，脉冲宽度为350 ns，峰值功率为3.7 kW，在9.2~10.7 μm范围内测试到30条激光谱线，重量为18 kg，本文研究为机载激光差分吸收雷达提供了一种小型化探测光源。
Abstract:In order to meet the application requirements of airborne laser differential absorption lidar for small and lightweight light sources, a compact pulsed CO2 laser is developed with automatic wavelength tuning. First, the aperture matching relationship between an RF waveguide intracavity beam and a free space optical chopper beam was studied, and a beam conversion system was designed with real focus on the intracavity. The influence of the chopper aperture on a laser pulse waveform was verified experimentally. Secondly, the wavelength tuning characteristics of CO2 laser were studied, and the diffraction angle difference between adjacent laser spectral lines was analyzed. Tunable operation in the CO2 laser was realized using a high-precision electric turntable and metal blazed grating. Finally, the integration of a compact automatic tuning pulsed CO2 laser was completed using small lightweight modules. Experimental results indicate that the laser operates stably at 1 kHz with a pulse width of 350 ns and a peak power of 3.7 kW. There are 30 lines within 9.2~10.7 μm waveband. The total weight of the laser is 18 kg. It provides a miniaturized detection light source for airborne laser differential absorption lidar.
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图 2 脉冲CO2激光平均功率随射频激励占空比变化关系
Figure 2. Relationship between the average power of a pulsed CO2 laser and the RF excitation duty cycle
图 3 采用不同通光孔径斩波扇机械调Q获得的CO2激光脉冲波形：（a）0.4 mm，（b）0.8 mm，(c) 1.2 mm。（d）0.8 mm孔径1 kHz脉冲串波形
Figure 3. CO2 pulse waveforms obtained by mechanical Q-switching of chopper fans with different optical apertures. (a) 0.4 mm, (b) 0.8 mm, (c) 1.2 mm. (d) Pulse train at 1 kHz with slits width of 0.8 mm
图 5 机械调Q脉冲CO2激光器输出谱线
Figure 5. Output spectrum of mechanical Q-switched pulsed CO2 lasers
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