长春光机所高速垂直腔面发射激光器研究进展

田思聪; 佟存柱; 王立军; Bimberg Dieter

doi:10.37188/CO.2022-0136

长春光机所高速垂直腔面发射激光器研究进展

doi: 10.37188/CO.2022-0136

田思聪^1,,
佟存柱^2, ,,
王立军^2, ,,
Bimberg Dieter^{1, 3, ,}

1.
中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所, Bimberg中德绿色光子学研究中心,吉林长春 130033
2.
中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所, 发光学及应用国家重点实验室, 吉林长春 130033
3.
柏林工业大学, 固体物理研究所, 纳米光学中心, 德国柏林 D-10623

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（No. 2021YFB2801000，No. 2018YFB2201000）；国家自然科学基金（No. 61774156，No. 62174159，No. 62061136010）；中国科学院青年创新促进会（No. 2018249）；中德科学中心合作交流项目（No. M0386）；吉林省国际合作项目（No. 20210402055GH）。

详细信息

作者简介:
田思聪（1984—），男，吉林长春人，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事高速垂直腔面发射激光器的研究。E-mail：tiansicong@ciomp.ac.cn

佟存柱（1976—），男，吉林伊通人，发光学及应用国家重点实验室常务副主任，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事高亮度半导体激光器、面发射激光器和碟片激光器的研究工作。E-mail：tongcz@ciomp.ac.cn

王立军（1946—），男，吉林舒兰人，中国科学院院士，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事激光技术等领域的基础及应用研究。E-mail：wanglj@ciomp.ac.cn

Bimberg Dieter（1942—），男，德国籍，德国科学院院士、美国工程院院士、美国发明家学会院士、俄罗斯科学院院士，Bimberg中德绿色光子学研究中心主任，柏林工业大学教授，博士研究生导师，主要从事量子点激光器、高速垂直腔面发射激光器、高亮度半导体激光器的研究。E-mail：bimberg@physik.tu-berlin.de

中图分类号: TP394.1;TH691.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-18
- 修回日期: 2022-07-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-29

Research progress of high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in CIOMP

TIAN Si-cong^1
,,
TONG Cun-zhu^{2
, ,},
WANG Li-jun^{2
, ,},
BIMBERG Dieter^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics Research Center, Changchun 130033, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
3.
Institute of Solid State Physics, Center for Nano-Optics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin D-10623, Germany

Funds: Supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2021YFB2801000, No. 2018YFB2201000); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61774156, No. 62174159, No. 62061136010); Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS (No. 2018249); Sino-German Center for Research Promotion Joint Mobility Program of DFG and NSFC (No. M0386); International Cooperation Project of Jilin Province (No. 20210402055GH).

More Information

Corresponding author: tongcz@ciomp.ac.cn; wanglj@ciomp.ac.cn; bimberg@physik.tu-berlin.de

摘要

摘要:
高速垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）是高速光通信的主要光源之一，受数据流量的迅速增长牵引，高速VCSEL正向更大带宽、更高速率方向发展。长春光机所团队通过优化VCSEL外延设计和生长、器件设计和制备、以及性能表征技术，在多个波长的高速VCSEL的调制带宽、传输速率、模式、功耗等性能方面取得了显著进展。实现高速单模940 nm VCSEL 27.65 GHz调制带宽和53 Gbit/s传输速率；通过波分复用基于850 nm、880 nm、910 nm和940 nm高速VCSEL实现200 Gbit/s链路方案；通过光子寿命优化，实现高速VCSEL低至100 fJ/bit的超低能耗；实现1030 nm高速VCSEL 25 GHz调制带宽；实现1550 nm 高速VCSEL 37 Gbit/s传输速率。研制的高速VCSEL在光通信等领域有重要应用前景。
- 垂直腔面发射激光器 /
- 高速调制 /
- 单模 /
- 低功耗 /
- 波分复用 /
- 长波长 /
- 光通信
Abstract:
High-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is one of the main light sources for optical communication. Driven by the rapid growth of data traffic, the high-speed VCSEL is developing towards larger bandwidth and higher bit rate. By optimizing the epitaxy design and the growth of VCSELs, the design and the fabrication of VCSELs, and the high-frequency characterization techniques, much remarkable progress of high-speed VCSELs with different wavelengths have been achieved in modulation bandwidth, transmission rate, mode, power consumption in Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Machanics and Physics (CIOMP). The research progress of high-speed VCSELs includes: high-speed single-mode 940 nm VCSEL with 27.65 GHz modulation bandwidth and 53 Gbit/s transmission rate; 200 Gbit/s optical link based on 850 nm, 880 nm, 910 nm and 940 nm high-speed VCSELs via wavelength division multiplexing; ultra-low power consumption as low as 100 fJ/bit of high-speed VCSEL via optimization of photon lifetime; 1030 nm high-speed VCSEL with 25 GHz modulation bandwidth; 1550 nm high-speed VCSEL with 37 Gbit/s transmission rate. The developed high-speed VCSELs have important application prospects in optical communication.
- vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser /
- high-speed modulation /
- single-mode /
- low-energy consumption /
- wavelength division multiplex /
- long-wavelength /
- optical communication

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图 1 氧化限制型高速VCSEL截面示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the oxidation-limited high-speed VCSEL

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图 2 室温下3 μm、6 μm和9 μm氧化孔径的高速940 nm VCSEL测试结果。（a）L-I；（b）V-I；（c）光谱；（d）边模抑制比；（e）3 dB带宽；（f）眼图^[16]

Figure 2. The measurement results of the 940 nm VCSELs with 3 μm、6 μm and 9 μm oxidation aperture at room temperature. (a) L-I; (b) V-I; (c) optical spectrum; (d) side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR); (e) the bandwidth of 3 dB; (f) the eye diagram^[16]

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图 3 （a）基于4个波长的VCSEL和多模光纤的WDM传输示意图^[2]；（b）850 nm、880 nm、910 nm和940 nm 高速VCSEL光谱^[12]

Figure 3. (a) Schematic diagram of the WDM system using four VCSELs and MMF^[2]; (b) the optical spectrum of the 850 nm、880 nm、910 nm and 940 nm VCSELs^[12]

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图 4 较长光子寿命（蓝线）和较短光子寿命（红线）的高速VCSEL的大信号调制的比特率BR和能耗EDR关系。通过实验计算的频谱效率约为M=2.1^[20]

Figure 4. EDR and BR values from large signal measurements, for a long photon lifetime (blue) and a short photon lifetime (red). The spectral efficiency of M=2.1 bit was found experimentally by the large signal measurement results^[20]

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图 5 （a）设计的VCSEL折射率分布和驻波场分布；（b）氧化后的VCSEL截面SEM；（c）1030 nm VCSEL L-I-V；（d）1030 nm VCSEL光谱；（e）25 ℃条件下1030 nm VCSEL 小信号响应；（f）85 ℃条件下1030 nm VCSEL 小信号响应

Figure 5. (a) Refractive index profile and the standing wave distribution of the designed VCSEL; (b)SEM image of the cross section of the VCSEL after the oxidation; (c) the L-I-V of the 1030 nm VCSEL; (d) the optical spectrum of the 1030 nm VCSEL; (e) the small signal response of the 1030 nm VCSEL at 25 °C; (f) the small signal response of the 1030 nm VCSEL at 85 °C

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图 6 （a）高速1550 nm VCSEL传输眼图；（b）高速1550 nm VCSEL浴盆曲线。BTJ为6 μm。

Figure 6. (a) The eye diagram of the 1550 nm VCSEL; (b) the bathtub curve of the 1550 nm VCSEL. BTJ is 6 μm.

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