基于轴承和柔性铰链的布拉格光纤光栅加速度计

宋颖; 张浩然; 李剑芝; 申博豪; 刘占剑

doi:10.37188/CO.2022-0252

基于轴承和柔性铰链的布拉格光纤光栅加速度计

doi: 10.37188/CO.2022-0252

宋颖^{1, 2,},
张浩然^{1, 2},
李剑芝^3, ,,
申博豪^{3, 4},
刘占剑^{3, 5}

1.
石家庄铁道大学河北省交通安全与控制重点实验室, 河北石家庄 050043
2.
石家庄铁道大学交通运输学院, 河北石家庄 050043
3.
石家庄铁道大学河北省大型结构健康诊断与控制实验室, 河北石家庄 050043
4.
石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院, 河北石家庄 050043
5.
石家庄铁道大学材料科学与工程学院, 河北石家庄 050043

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（No. 2021YFB2601000）；中央引导地方科技发展基金（No. 226Z0801G，No. 216Z3901G）

详细信息

作者简介:
宋　颖（1981—），女，河北衡水人，教授，博士生导师，2010年于北京交通大学获得博士学位，现为石家庄铁道大学教授，主要从事交通工程结构健康监测、智能传感测试技术等方面的研究工作。E-mail：songy@stdu.edu.cn

李剑芝（1978—），女，河北定州人，教授，博士生导师，2009 年于北京交通大学获得博士学位，现为石家庄铁道大学大型结构健康诊断与控制研究所教授，主要从事光纤传感技术和结构健康监测等研究工作。E-mail：lijianzhigang@163.com

中图分类号: TN253
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-07
- 修回日期: 2022-12-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-25

Fiber bragg grating accelerometer based on flexure hinge and bearing

SONG Ying^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Hao-ran^{1, 2},
LI Jian-zhi^{3
, ,},
SHEN Bo-hao^{3, 4},
LIU Zhan-jian^{3, 5}

1.
Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety and Control of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
2.
School of Traffic and Transportation, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
3.
Structural Health Monitoring and Control Institute, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
4.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
5.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China

Funds: Supported by National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2021YFB2601000); Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund (No. 226Z0801G, No. 216Z3901G)

More Information

Corresponding author: lijianzhigang@163.com

摘要

摘要:
为实现中高频振动信号的测量，本文设计了一种基于轴承和柔性铰链结构的光纤布拉格光栅加速度传感器。首先，基于理论力学模型推导出其固有频率、灵敏度与结构参数的数学模型，然后进行结构优化设计，并制作了传感器实物。在此基础上，对所设计传感器动态特性进行有限元仿真和实验测试。研究结果表明：传感器工作频率为10～1200 Hz，加速度灵敏度达17.25 pm/g，测量误差小于0.3 g，线性度大于0.99，重复性误差为2.33%，且能实现温度补偿。
- 传感器 /
- 加速度传感器 /
- 光纤布拉格光栅 /
- 中高频 /
- 轴承 /
- 柔性铰链
Abstract:
We develop a fiber Bragg grating accelerometer based on a bearing and flexure hinge for the measurement of medium-high frequency vibration signals. The mathematical model between its natural frequency and sensitivity and structural parameters is derived based on a mechanical model, and the structural design is optimized based on the theoretical analysis results. With these prerequisites, the sensor was fabricated. Ultimately, its dynamic characteristics are validated using a finite element simulation and vibration experiment. The results show that both its operating frequency range and acceleration sensitivity are 10−1200 Hz and 17.25 pm/g. In addition, this proposed sensor has some advantages such as an error of less than 0.3 g, a good linearity of greater than 0.99, a repeatability error of 2.33%, and it is free of temperature.
- sensor /
- accelerometer /
- fiber Bragg grating /
- mid-high frequency /
- bearing /
- flexure hinge

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图 1 FBG传感器结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the FBG structure

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图 2 工作原理示意图

Figure 2. Diagram of the working principle

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图 3 FBG加速度传感器结构参数对固有频率和灵敏度的影响

Figure 3. The influence of structural parameters of FBG accelerometer on natural frequency and sensitivity

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图 4 传感器一阶振型图

Figure 4. Characteristic frequency of sensor

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图 5 频响特性曲线仿真结果

Figure 5. Simulation results of frequency response characteristics

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图 6 正弦激励下光纤光栅波长变化量(500 Hz)

Figure 6. Wavelength shift of FBG under different sinusoidal excitations (500 Hz)

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图 7 FBG加速度传感器动态测试原理图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of dynamic test for FBG accelerometer

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图 8 试验现场及传感器实物图

Figure 8. Physical sensor and experimental site

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图 9 幅频特性曲线

Figure 9. Amplitude frequency characteristic curve

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图 10 不同振动加速度信号下FBG₁、FBG₂灵敏度标定曲线。（a）100 Hz；（b）300 Hz；（c）600 Hz；（d）1 000 Hz

Figure 10. Sensitivity calibration curves at different vibration acceleration signals. (a) 100 Hz; (b) 300 Hz; (c) 600 Hz; (d)1 000 Hz

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图 11 FBG加速度传感器总灵敏度标定曲线

Figure 11. Total sensitivity calibration curves of FBG acceleration sensor

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图 12 不同频率、加速度下FBG波长时程图。（a）100 Hz，40 g；（b）300 Hz，40 g；（c）600 Hz，10 g；（d）1 200 Hz，10 g

Figure 12. Time history curves of FBG wavelength caused by different vibration acceleration signals. (a) 100 Hz, 40 g; (b) 300 Hz, 40 g; (c) 600 Hz, 10 g; (d)1 200 Hz, 10 g

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图 13 不同频率振动激励下FBG波长变化频谱图

Figure 13. FBG wavelength spectrogram under different frequency vibration excitations

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图 14 FBG加速度传感器横向灵敏度

Figure 14. Transverse sensitivity curves of FBG acceleration sensor

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表 1 加速度传感器尺寸参数

Table 1. Dimensional parameters of FBG accelerometer

参数	含义	值
P_e	有效弹光系数	0.22
λ₁	FBG₁中心波长/nm	1540
λ₂	FBG₂中心波长/nm	1550
R	柔性铰链切割半径/mm	2.5
t	柔性铰链最小厚度/mm	2
i	柔性铰链宽度（y方向长度）/mm	6
b	质量块长/mm	4
c	质量块宽/mm	35
h	质量块高/mm	15
L	质量块质心到延伸杆端部距离/mm	20
E	304不锈钢弹性模量/GPa	210
A_f	光纤横截面积/m²	1.23×10⁻⁸
E_f	光纤弹性模量/GPa	72

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表 2 不同加速度下光栅波长变化量

Table 2. Wavelength shifts of FBG at different accelerations

加速度/g	波长变化量/pm				标准差/pm
加速度/g	第一次	第二次	第三次	平均值	标准差/pm
2	42.01	42.37	44.73	43.04	1.48
6	130.60	130.36	134.71	131.89	2.45
10	213.68	217.52	217.53	216.25	2.22
14	301.16	295.53	300.51	299.07	3.08
18	371.33	378.76	385.35	378.48	7.01
22	460.05	457.72	462.66	460.14	2.47
26	538.20	538.20	527.20	534.53	6.35
30	632.40	640.91	626.22	633.18	7.38

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表 3 FBG加速度传感器的结构性能对比

Table 3. Performance comparison of FBG accelerometer designed in this paper and reported in other Refs.

文献	结构	固有频率/Hz	平坦区	灵敏度/(pm·g⁻¹)	温度补偿
WU^[14]	双悬臂梁	8658	5000 Hz以下	0.44	是
WANG^[15]	钢管-质量块弹性结构	3806	1200 Hz以下	4.01	是
LUO^[19]	对称双柔性铰链	890	50～600 Hz	41	否
LI^[21]	三柔性铰链	2800	50～1000 Hz	21.8	是
本文提出的结构	轴承和柔性铰链	3810.7	10～1200 Hz	17.25	是

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