基于机器视觉的正碰假人胸部的研究

刘爽; 陈立新; 张钧栋; 沙路明; 于征磊; 徐涛; 张琪

doi:10.37188/CO.2023-0005

基于机器视觉的正碰假人胸部的研究

doi: 10.37188/CO.2023-0005

刘爽^1,,
陈立新²,
张钧栋²,
沙路明²,
于征磊^2, ,,
徐涛³,
张琪⁴

1.
中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所, 吉林长春 130033
2.
吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室, 吉林长春 130025
3.
吉林大学机械与航空航天工程学院, 吉林长春 130025
4.
长春理工大学机电工程学院, 吉林长春 130022

详细信息

作者简介:
刘　爽（1982—），男，吉林长春人，高级工程师，工学硕士，2009年于吉林大学获得硕士学位，主要从事机械工程及自动化。E-mail：liushuang2002@163.com

于征磊（1984—），男，吉林长春人，教授，博导，主要从事仿生结构设计及增材制造。E-mail: zlyu@jlu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U467.14
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-01
- 修回日期: 2023-01-25
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-20

Design and simulation of the dummy thoracic finite element model based on mashine vision

1.
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
3.
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
4.
College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China

More Information

Corresponding author: zlyu@jlu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
在汽车被动安全领域，对于驾驶员正碰撞击中胸部的研究具有重要的意义。本文基于机器视觉的方法，通过Hybrid Ⅲ 50^th汽车碰撞实体假人，构建假人胸部模型。利用遗传算法进行参数优化，优化后标定试验的所有指标均符合法规要求，仿真结果与试验测试结果相符，误差小于5%。随后将含有胸部模型的有限元假人模型放入整车系统进行正碰仿真分析，结果表明：胸部伤害得分值为80%，与试验测试结果相比，仿真结果误差不超过10%。实验结果表明该模型有较好的仿真度，可用于汽车碰撞安全性能的研究。
- 机器视觉 /
- 遗传算法 /
- Hybrid Ⅲ 50^th
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the field of automobile passive safety in my country. By scanning the Hybrid III 50th automobile crash dummy, a finite element simulation model of the dummy chest is constructed. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters. After optimization, all the indicators of the calibration test meet the requirements of the regulations. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental test results, and the error is less than 5%. Then we put the finite element dummy model containing the chest model into the vehicle system for frontal collision simulation analysis. The results show that the score of chest injury is 80%, and the error of the simulation results is less than 10% compared with the test results. The model has a good degree of simulation and can be used for the study of vehicle crash safety performance.
- machine vision /
- genetic algorithm /
- Hybrid Ⅲ 50^th

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图 1 Hybrid III 50^th男性假人胸部结构图

Figure 1. Structure of Hybrid III 50^th male dummy chest

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图 2 基于机器视觉原理的假人模型几何参数采集系统

Figure 2. Geometric parameter acquisition system for dummy model based on machine vision

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图 3 假人胸内部几何模型装配图

Figure 3. Assembly drawing of geometric model of dummy interior chest

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图 4 胸部内部结构器官示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the internal structure and organs of the chest

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图 5 假人胸部标定试验（a）示意图^[18]及（b）准备图

Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram^[18] and (b) preparation diagram of dummy chest calibration test

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图 6 胸部标定试验有限元模型

Figure 6. Finite element model of chest calibration test

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图 7 胸部位移-时间曲线

Figure 7. Displacement-time curve of chest

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图 8 摆锤力-时间曲线

Figure 8. Pendulum force-time curve

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图 9 胸部滞后率曲线

Figure 9. Chest lag rate curve

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图 10 台车正碰有限元模型

Figure 10. Finite element model of trolley forward collision

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图 11 不同时间下台车碰撞仿真结果

Figure 11. Simulation results of off-stage vehicle collision at different times

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图 12 胸部合成加速度

Figure 12. Chest composite acceleration

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图 13 胸部压缩量

Figure 13. Chest compression

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表 1 胸部模型部分材料参数

Table 1. Partial material parameters of chest model

参数	弹性材料 MAT1	弹塑性材料 MAT3	刚体材料 MAT20
弹性模量E/GPa	0.5	205	205
泊松比μ	0.30	0.31	0.31
屈服强度σ/MPa	/	0.6	/
切线模量/GPa	/	0.5	/

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表 2 胸部肋骨材料（弹性材料MAT1）参数

Table 2. Material parameters of thoracic rib (elastic material MAT1)

参数	参数值
体积模量(BULK)	0.33 GPa
短效剪切模量(G₀)	0.11 MPa
衰减常数(BETA)	0.15
长效剪切模量(G_I)	0.024 MPa

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表 3 胸部泡沫材料（MAT57）参数

Table 3. Chest foam material (MAT57) parameters

参数	参数值
杨氏模量(E)	0.005 MPa
拉应力(TC)	0.1
滞后卸载系数(HU)	1.0
粘滞系数(DAMP)	0.1
衰减常数(BETA)	0.1

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表 4 胸部标定试验与仿真结果

Table 4. Calibration test and simulation results of chest

类型	位移峰值(mm)	摆锤力峰值(kN)	滞后率(%)
要求	63.5～72.6	5.16～5.89	69～85
试验	65.402	5.788	73.98
仿真	61.117	5.865	70
误差	-6.55	1.33	-5.37

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表 5 优化结果对比

Table 5. Comparison of optimization results

	x₁(MPa)	x₂(Mpa)	x₃	x₄(Mpa)	D_max(mm)	F_max(kN)	滞后率(%)
原参数	0.11	0.253	0.15	0.5	61.117	5.865	70.00
优化后	0.087	0.234	0.172	0.439	64.401	5.615	71.13
标定要求	/	/	/	/	63.5～72.6	5.16～5.89	69～85
试验	/	/	/	/	65.402	5.788	73.98
误差(%)	/	/	/	/	−1.5	−2.9	−3.85

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表 6 实车试验和仿真假人胸部伤害指标对比

Table 6. Comparison of chest injury index between real vehicle test and dummy

损伤指标	胸部加速度C_3ms(g)	胸部压缩量ThPC(mm)
性能限值	38～60	22～50
试验值	38.47	29.21
仿真值	42.13	28.16
误差	9.51%	−3.59%
得分率	81.2%	78%

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