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摘要:
光纤光镊具有结构简单、操作灵活、尺寸小的特点，在生化分析、生命科学等领域有广泛应用。特殊纤芯结构的光纤探针在近场倏逝波光阱力、纤芯光束耦合传输、微流控技术交叉协同应用等方面具有天然优势，能实现细胞、亚细胞级微粒收集、输运等功能，可以显著提升微粒的三维捕获能力以及动态操纵水平。本文综述了不同纤芯结构光纤光镊的结构特点与应用技术研究进展，对特种芯光纤光镊系统中探针制备、激光光源、耦合方式等关键技术进行了梳理和对比，总结与展望了不同结构特种芯光纤在光纤光镊中的作用与发展。
Abstract:Optical fiber tweezers are widely used in biochemical analysis, life sciences, and other fields due to their simple structure, flexible operation, and compact size. The hetero-core structure of the optical fiber probe possesses inherent advantages in near-field evanescent wave optical trapping force, core beam coupling transmission, and cross-synergistic application of microfluidic technology, which can realize the functions of cell and subcellular particle collection and transportation, and can significantly improve the three-dimensional particle trapping capability as well as dynamic manipulation level. In this paper, the structural characteristics and application technology research progress of optical fiber tweezers based on different core structures are reviewed. This paper sorts and compares key technologies, including probe preparation, laser source, and coupling mode, in hetero-core optical fiber tweezers systems. It also summarizes and provides a perspective on the role and development of hetero-core fibers with different structures in optical fiber tweezers.
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Key words:
- optical fiber tweezers /
- specialty fibers /
- microparticle manipulation /
- microfluid
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图 3 特种芯光纤探针耦合结构示意图。（a）单模光纤直接熔接探针中一芯，耦合后双芯通光；（b）单模光纤直接熔接双芯探针，拉锥熔接区域耦合通光[22]；（c）单模光纤错芯熔接多模探针，干涉产生不对称类贝塞尔光束[27]；（d）单模错位熔接中空环形芯光纤探针[13]；（e）单模光纤纳米探针耦合中空光子晶体光纤[28]
Figure 3. Schematic diagrams of hetero-core optical fiber probe coupling structures. (a) Single-mode fiber direct fusion probe in one core, and the two-core light is achieved after coupling; (b) single-mode fiber direct fusion dual-core probe, taper welding area coupled through light[22]; (c) single-mode fiber core-offset splicing multimode probe to generate asymmetric Bessel-like beam by interference[27];(d) single-mode dislocation splicing hollow ring core fiber probe[13]; (e) single-mode fiber nanoprobe coupled hollow photonic crystal fiber[28]
图 4 基于多芯结构光纤光镊探针结构。（a）等离子体锥形双芯光纤光镊横截面[19]；（b）三芯光学微手结构与涡旋光场场强分布[38]；（c）四芯光纤端面显微镜照片，光纤直径150 μm对角纤芯间距65 μm；光纤镊的截面设计；两收敛光束从加工对角纤芯传播的三维示意图，收敛区域球体代表一个被捕获细胞[15]
Figure 4. Probe structure based on multi-core fiber optical tweezers. (a) Cross section of plasma tapered dual-core optical fiber tweezers [19]; (b) three-core optical micro-hand structure and vortex field intensity distribution[38]; (c) Four-core fiber end face microscope photo, fiber diameter is 150 μm and diagonal core spacing is 65 μm; design of fiber tweezers' cross section; a three-dimensional diagram of two convergent beams propagating from the processing diagonal fiber core. The sphere in the convergent region represents a captured cell[15]
图 5 ACF光纤光镊结构与工作示意图。（a）鸟喙形环形芯光纤探针及微粒受力仿真示意图[44]；（b）中空环形芯光纤光镊[13]；（c）环形芯光纤截面图像，带二氧化硅微球的环形芯光纤探头图像，暗场光漏斗原理图[14]；（d）基于同轴环形双波导的尺寸测量干涉方法示意图, M1为纤维端面, M2为被困微球左侧, MS为微球[45]
Figure 5. Structure and operating diagram of optical fiber tweezers with ring core structure.(a) Beak-shaped ring-core optic fiber probe and particle force simulation diagram[44]; (b) hollow ring core optical fiber tweezers[13]; (c) cross-section image of annular core fiber, image of annular core fiber probe with silica microspheres, and schematic diagram of dark field optical funnel[14]; (d) schematic diagram of size measurement interference method based on coaxial ring double waveguide. M1 is the fiber end face, M2 is the left side of the trapped microsphere, and MS is the microsphere[45]
图 6 基于其他结构光纤的光镊探针结构及工作原理。（a）椭圆芯光纤光镊采用LP11模式激光旋转酵母细胞[57]；（b）多模干涉产生类贝塞尔光束原理示意图;制备全光纤类贝塞尔发生器及其几何参数图像[16]
Figure 6. The structure and working principle of optical tweezers probe based on other core fiber structures. (a) Elliptical core optical fiber tweezers rotating yeast cells by using LP11 mode laser [57]; (b) schematic diagram of the principle of Bessel-like beam generated by multimode interference; fabricated all-fiber Bessel beam generation and its geometric parameters[16]
表 1 特种芯光纤光镊微粒捕获能力汇总
Table 1. Summary of particle capture abilities of hetero-core optical fiber tweezers
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加工方法 优势 劣势 研磨抛光法 可加工锥形、楔形、多边金字塔型，或抛光侧面实现反射；
加工速度快，可重复性高对准精度要求高 光纤蚀刻法 灵活性高、成本低、可重复性高，容易调整锥角 高危险腐蚀剂；表面相对粗糙；难以加工复杂结构 聚焦离子束铣削 高精度加工，可加工不同角度棱锥或棱柱形 成本高；易受杂质离子干扰；不适于批量生产 熔融拉锥 操作简便；成本低 可重复性低，不适用批量生产 光纤端面镀膜 操作简单；能激发表面等离子体效应 易受杂质影响 加压熔融拉锥 制备具有中空孔光纤探针 可重复性低，不适用批量生产
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