大气湍流对高分辨率遥感卫星的成像影响研究

毛红敏; 丁致雅; 杨燕燕; 江苏奇; 彭建涛; 曹楠; 胡立发; 曹召良

doi:10.37188/CO.2023-0083

大气湍流对高分辨率遥感卫星的成像影响研究

doi: 10.37188/CO.2023-0083

毛红敏^{1, 2,},
丁致雅¹,
杨燕燕³,
江苏奇¹,
彭建涛⁴,
曹楠¹,
胡立发³,
曹召良^{1, 2, ,}

1.
苏州科技大学物理科学与技术学院, 江苏苏州215009
2.
江苏省微纳热流技术与能源应用重点实验室, 江苏苏州215009
3.
江南大学理学院, 江苏无锡214122
4.
中国航天科技集团公司上海卫星工程研究所, 上海 201109

基金项目: 吉林省科技发展计划（No. 20220203033SF）；“十四五”江苏省重点学科（No. 2021135）；中国航天科技集团公司第八研究院产学研合作基金（No. SAST2020-025）

详细信息

作者简介:
毛红敏（1976—），女，河北邢台人，博士，副教授，主要从事光学设计、激光雷达以及大气湍流的影响分析。E-mail： hongminmao@mail.usts.edu.cn

曹召良（1974 —），男，河南济源人，博士，教授，博士生导师，2008 年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得博士学位，主要从事液晶自适应光学系统、光学设计、光学实验以及理论分析和模拟。E-mail：caozl@usts.edu.cn

中图分类号: O436
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-08
- 修回日期: 2023-05-17
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-22

Effect of atmospheric turbulence on imaging quality of high-resolution remote sensing satellites

1.
School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
2.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou 215009, China
3.
School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
4.
Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Shanghai 201109, China

Funds: Supported by Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan (No. 20220203033SF)；Jiangsu Key Disciplines of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan (No. 2021135)；the Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Foundation of Eighth Institute of China Aerospace and Technology (No. SAST2020-025)

More Information

Corresponding author: caozl@usts.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
遥感卫星在国防和民用探测等领域发挥着重要作用，而大气湍流严重影响高分辨率遥感卫星的成像质量。本文重点研究了遥感卫星对地探测时，相机口径、卫星轨高和大气湍流强度对空间相机成像质量的影响。首先，基于球面波传输模型和Kolmogorov湍流理论，针对空对地探测湍流波前进行仿真。然后，分析畸变波前随相机口径、卫星轨高和大气相干长度的变化规律，并推导出普适公式。在此基础上，进一步推导出空间相机成像分辨率随相机口径、卫星轨高和大气相干长度变化的计算公式。最后，研究了大气湍流对空间相机调制传递函数（MTF）的影响，并以MTF=0.15为基准，仿真分析了MTF相对误差随相机口径、卫星轨高和大气相干长度的变化规律。本研究为高分辨率遥感卫星的设计、分析和评估提供理论依据。
- 高分辨率卫星 /
- 大气湍流 /
- 空对地观测 /
- 成像质量
Abstract:
Remote sensing satellites play a crucial role in both national defense and civil exploration. However, the imaging quality of high-resolution remote sensing satellites is significantly affected by atmospheric turbulence. We focus on the impact of camera aperture, satellite orbit altitude and atmospheric turbulence intensity on the imaging quality of space cameras during remote sensing satellite earth detection. Firstly, the turbulence wavefront simulation method based on the spherical wave model and Kolmogorov turbulence theory is analyzed. Subsequently, the disturbed wavefront, impacted by the camera aperture, satellite orbit height and atmospheric turbulence intensity, is analyzed, and a universal formula is derived. In addition, an equation for imaging resolution with camera aperture, satellite orbit height and atmospheric coherence length is developed. Finally, the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is studied. The variation of the relative error of MTF with camera aperture, satellite orbit height and atmospheric coherence length is simulated and analyzed, with reference to an MTF value of 0.15. This study provides a theoretical basis for designing, analyzing, and assessing high-resolution remote sensing satellites.
- high-resolution satellite /
- atmospheric turbulence /
- space-to-ground detection /
- imaging quality

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图 1 卫星对地面目标探测示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of satellite detection to ground target

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图 2 折射率结构常数$C_{{n}}^2 $随高度z的变化曲线

Figure 2. Refractive index structure constant $C_{{n}}^2 $ varying with height z

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图 3 仿真湍流波前

Figure 3. Simulated turbulence wavefront

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图 4 相机口径D对W_RMS的影响

Figure 4. Influence of camera aperture D on W_RMS

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图 5 卫星轨道高度H对W_RMS的影响

Figure 5. Influence of satellite orbital height H on W_RMS

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图 6 大气相干长度r₀对W_RMS的影响

Figure 6. Influence of atmospheric coherence length r₀ on W_RMS

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图 7 (a) 不同参量值下的仿真值与理论值及(b)仿真值与理论值的相对误差

Figure 7. (a) Simulated and theoretical values under different parameters; (b) relative error for simulated and theoretical values

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图 8 波前均方根随大气湍流强度和卫星高度的变化规律

Figure 8. Variation of root mean square of wavefront with atmospheric turbulence intensity and satellite altitude

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图 9 角分辨率随卫星高度和相机口径的变化规律

Figure 9. Variation of angular resolution with satellite altitude and camera aperture

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图 10 线分辨率随卫星高度的变化规律

Figure 10. Variation of line resolution with satellite altitude

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图 11 100组湍流波前在x方向的MTF曲线

Figure 11. MTF curves of 100 sets of turbulent wavefronts in the x-direction

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图 12 调制传递函数随不同参数的变化曲线

Figure 12. Curve of modulation transfer function varying with different parameters

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图 13 MTF相对误差随不同参数的变化规律

Figure 13. Variation of relative deviation of MTF with different parameters

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表 1 随机选取的变量

Table 1. Randomly selected variables

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

D/(m) 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8

H/(km) 200 500 150 250 100 350 150 600

r₀/(cm) 3 8 4 9 5 7 10 2

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