Propagation properties of one-dimensional array vortex beams in a marine atmosphere
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摘要:
相较于单涡旋光束，涡旋阵列光束能够扩充信息的传输容量，研究其传输特性对其光通信应用具有重要意义。本文选取阶数为
n 的螺旋因斯-高斯(HIGn ,n )模式，采用海上大气折射率变换的功率谱，模拟海面大气湍流。基于相位屏法研究了一维阵列涡旋光束在海面大气湍流中光强、相位、闪烁因子和质心漂移的变化情况。结果表明：（1）HIGn ,n 模式的闪烁因子和质心漂移标准差随湍流强度以及大气湍流内尺度的增加而增加；（2）n 为奇数的HIGn ,n 模式的闪烁因子随着阶数的增大而减小，且高于n 为偶数的HIGn ,n 模式；（3）阶数n >1的HIGn ,n 模式比LG0,1模式具有更好的稳定性；（4）阶数越高，HIGn ,n 模式的质心漂移标准差越小。其次，选取线性阵列涡旋光束（LAVBs）进行对比，研究得出虽然LAVBs比HIG光束具有更好的传输性能，但由于HIG光束具有独特的结构，故可适用于不同的应用场景。最后，分析了椭圆参量和椭圆环数对HIG模式传输的影响，结果表明适当地增大椭圆参量或椭圆环数有助于提高HIG模式的抗湍流能力。本文研究结果对涡旋光束的海上应用具有指导意义。Abstract:Compared to a single vortex beam, vortex array beams can increase the information transmission capacity. Therefore, studying the propagation properties of vortex array beams is significant for their optical communication applications. In this paper, we select the helical Ince-Gaussian (HIG
n ,n ) modes of ordern and simulate the marine atmosphere turbulence using the power spectrum of the refractive index fluctuations in the marine atmosphere. The changes in intensity, phase, scintillation index and spot centroid wander of a one-dimensional array vortex beam in marine atmospheric turbulence have been investigated systematically by using the phase screen method. We find that (1) an increase in either the turbulence intensity or atmospheric turbulence inner scale enhances both the scintillation index and spot centroid wander standard deviation for HIGn ,n modes; (2) the scintillation index of HIGn ,n mode with oddn decreases with increasing mode order, and is higher than that of HIGn ,n mode for evenn ; (3) the HIGn ,n mode with ordern >1 has better stability than the LG0,1 mode; and (4) the higher the mode order, the smaller the standard deviation of spot centroid wander of HIGn ,n mode. In addition, we perform comparative study on the propagation performance of the linear array vortex beams (LAVBs) and HIG beams. Our study indicates that although LAVBs have better propagation performance than HIG beams, the unique structures of HIG beams can be applied to various application scenarios. Finally, the effects of both the ellipticity parameter and elliptic ring number on the propagation of the HIG modes are explored and analyzed. The results show that increasing either the ellipticity parameter or elliptic ring number is beneficial to improving the anti-turbulence ability of the HIG modes. These results offer significant guidance for the offshore vortex beams application.-
Key words:
- atmospheric optics /
- helical ince-gaussian mode /
- array vortex beam /
- scintillation index /
- turbulence
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图 1 不同阶数的HIG模式的（a）初始光强与（b）相位分布
Figure 1. (a) Initial light intensity distribution and (b) phase distribution of HIG modes with different orders
图 2 不同阶数的HIG模式在不同距离下的（a）光强与（b）相位分布
Figure 2. (a) Intensity and (b) phase distribution of HIG modes with different orders at different distances
图 3 HIG模式在不同强度湍流下闪烁因子。（a）2×10−16 m−2/3；（b）2×10−15 m−2/3；（c）2×10−14 m−2/3
Figure 3. Scintillation index of HIG modes under different turbulence intensities. (a) 2×10−16 m−2/3; (b) 2×10−15 m−2/3; (c) 2×10−14 m−2/3
图 4 HIG模式在不同湍流内尺度下的闪烁因子。（a）l0=0.1 m；（b）l0=0.01 m；（c）l0=0.005 m
Figure 4. Scintillation index of HIG modes at different turbulence inner scales. (a) l0=0.1 m; (b) l0=0.01 m; (c) l0=0.005 m
图 5 HIG模式在不同强度湍流下质心漂移标准差。（a）2×10−16 m−2/3；（b）2×10−15 m−2/3；（c）2×10−14 m−2/3
Figure 5. Standard deviation of spot centroid wander of HIG modes under different turbulence intensities. (a) 2×10−16 m−2/3; (b) 2×10−15 m−2/3; (c) 2×10−14 m−2/3
图 6 不同子光束数的LAVBs在不同距离下的光强与相位分布
Figure 6. Intensity and phase distribution of LAVBs with different subbeam numbers at different distances
图 7 LAVBs在不同距离下的（a）质心漂移标准差与（b）闪烁因子
Figure 7. (a) Standard deviation of spot centroid wander and (b) scintillation index of LAVBs at different distances
图 8 不同种类的HIGp,m光束的光强分布
Figure 8. The intensity distributions of different kinds of HIGp,m beams
图 9 椭圆参数对HIG光束传输的影响。（a）HIG4,4光束的闪烁因子随椭圆参量的变化；（b）HIG4,4光束的质心漂移标准差随椭圆参量的变化；（c）不同椭圆环数的HIG光束的闪烁因子；（d）不同椭圆环数的HIG光束的质心漂移标准差
Figure 9. Influence of ellipticity parameters on HIG beam transmission. (a) Scintillation index and (b) standard deviation of spot centroid wander of HIG4,4 beams as a function of ellipticity parameter; (c) scintillation index and (d) standard deviation of spot centroid wander of HIG beams with different elliptic ring numbers
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