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摘要:
针对现有多波段成像系统体积大、功耗高和集成化设计困难的问题，本文提出了一种基于单传感器的三波段共口径成像光学系统的设计方法。首先，在光学系统的光阑处设计1×2多波段透镜阵列，把可见光波段和短波红外波段同时成像在一个像平面上，并把两个波段中心波长的成像位置偏差控制在一个像元内以实现双波段融合成像。然后，针对双波段成像衍射极限不同的问题，提出分通道透镜阵列的离轴偏移量和通光口径大小联合优化方法，并采用双电动光阑高速控制三个成像通道的切换速度。最后，设计了一个基于单传感器的焦距为30 mm，工作波段分别为480~900 nm、900~1700 nm和480~1700 nm的三波段共口径光学系统。设计及分析结果表明该系统具有成像质量好、结构紧凑、无运动光学元件、成像波段切换速度快等优点。
Abstract:The existing multi-band imaging system has the problems of large volume, high power consumption, and difficulty in integrating design. To address these challenges, we proposed a three-band co-aperture imaging optical system based on single sensor. First, a 1×2 multi-band lens array in the aperture stop of the optical system is designed. This array effectively captures both the visible and short-wave infrared bands simultaneously in a single image plane. In addition, the imaging position deviation of the center wavelength of both bands are controlled within one pixel, resulting in dual-band fusion imaging. To address the issue of different diffraction limits in multi-band imaging, we propose to use the joint optimization method to simultaneously control the off-axis offset and aperture size of the split channel lens array. On the above basis, we suggest utilizing a dual electric diaphragm to control the switching speed of the three imaging channels. Finally, a three-band co-aperture optical system based on single sensor with a focal length of 30 mm and operating bands ranging from 480 to 900 nm, from 900 to 1700 nm, and from 480 to 1700 nm is designed. The system exhibits multiple advantages, such as excellent imaging quality, a compact structure, no moving optical elements, and a rapid switching speed of the imaging band, as indicated by the design and analysis results.
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Key words:
- single sensor /
- lens array /
- multi-band imaging system /
- optical design
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图 1 基于单传感器的三波段共口径光学系统的成像原理图
Figure 1. Imaging principle diagram of a three-band co-aperture optical system based on single sensor
图 2 三波段共口径光学系统设计流程图
Figure 2. Design flow chart of a three-band co-aperture optical system
图 7 1 300 nm与660 nm的成像位置偏差图
Figure 7. Deviation of imaging position at 1300 nm and 660 nm
表 1 三波段光学系统的设计指标要求
Table 1. Design specifications of the three-band optical system
参 数 数 值 焦距/mm 30 工作谱段1/nm 480~900 工作谱段2/nm 900~1700 工作谱段3/nm 480~1700 F数 (480~900 nm) 5.0 F数 (900~1700 nm) 3.0 视场2ω/(°) 16 畸变/% ≤0.8 MTF（@100 lp/mm） ≥0.20 
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表 2 光学系统公差分配表
Table 2. Tolerance distribution of optical system
公差项 数值 光圈/fringe ≤2 元件厚度/mm ±0.02 表面偏心/mm ±0.01 元件倾斜/(°) ±0.01 元件偏心/mm ±0.01 表面不规则度/fringe ≤0.2 折射率 ±0.001 阿贝数/% ±0.3
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表 3 光学系统的敏感公差
Table 3. Sensitivity tolerances of optical system
480~900 nm 900~1 700 nm 敏感公差项 MTF变化 敏感公差项 MTF变化 透镜6阿贝数 −0.043 透镜6折射率 −0.047 透镜5折射率 −0.043 透镜5折射率 −0.046 透镜6折射率 −0.035 透镜2偏心 −0.046 透镜1与2间隔 −0.031 透镜1与2间隔 −0.046 透镜9与10间隔 −0.030 透镜1偏心 −0.039 透镜1厚度 −0.027 透镜1厚度 −0.038 透镜2阿贝数 −0.026 透镜2表面偏心 −0.037
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