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摘要:
为解决强湍流环境下自适应光学系统无理想点信标波前探测的难题，本文提出了利用光场传感器(Plenoptic sensor)对扩展信标的光场信息探测的方法，对扩展信标的光场成像原理、波前位相重建算法、误差影响规律进行研究，利用等效法将扩展信标看做数个离散点的集合，简化扩展信标在光场传感器上的成像过程，然后将光场图像按照特定的方式重新排列组合，通过图像互相关法和Zernike模式法实现0°视场的波前重建。针对不同输入像差系数、单列微透镜单元数和噪声等误差影响因素进行仿真研究，结果表明：当输入像差在6.5λ以内时，波前重建精度约为0.08λ，对于图像分辨率为1080×1080、像元尺寸5.5 μm的图像探测器，单列微透镜单元数在40到50之间时波前重建精度最高，系统噪声则几乎不影响精度。最后，搭建扩展信标波前探测系统，通过探测扩展信标对0°视场的四种像差波前进行重建，实验系统的波前重建精度约0.04λ，基本满足自适应光学系统的波前检测要求。
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of wavefront detection without ideal point beacon in adaptive optical system under strong turbulent environment, this paper proposes a method to detect the optical field information of extended beacons by using a Plenoptic sensor. The optical field imaging principle, wavefront phase reconstruction algorithm and error influence rule of extended beacons are studied. The imaging process of the extended beacon on the optical field sensor is simplified by using the equivalence method, and the optical field images are rearranged in a specific way. The wavefront reconstruction of 0° field of view is realized by image cross-correlation method and Zernike mode method. Simulation studies were carried out on error influencing factors such as different input aberration coefficients, the number of single-row microlens elements and noise. The results show that: When the input aberration is less than 6.5λ, the wavefront reconstruction accuracy is about 0.08λ. For the image detector with image resolution of 1080×1080 and pixel size of 5.5 μm, the wavefront reconstruction accuracy is the highest when the number of single row microlens units is between 40 and 50, and the system noise hardly affects the accuracy. Finally, an extended beacon wavefront detection system is built to reconstruct the four aberration wavefronts of 0° field of view by detecting the extended beacon. The wavefront reconstruction accuracy of the experimental system is about 0.04λ, which basically meets the wavefront detection requirements of the adaptive optical system.
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Key words:
- strong turbulence /
- plenoptic sensor /
- extended beacons /
- wave front reconstruction
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图 3 物方平面与多个物方子区域的等效示意图
Figure 3. Equivalent diagram of object square plane and multiple object square subregions
图 11 波前重建误差随像差系数的变化曲线
Figure 11. Curve of wavefront reconstruction error with aberration coefficient
图 12 波前重建误差随微透镜单元数量的变化曲线
Figure 12. Curve of wavefront reconstruction error with the number of microlens elements
表 1 系统结构参数
Table 1. System structure parameters
参数 值(mm) 系统通光口径 8.503 物镜焦距 1000 微透镜单元口径 0.1 微透镜焦距 11.76 探测器宽度 6 像元尺寸 0.0055 
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表 2 各像差对应重建波前的RMS误差
Table 2. RMS error of the reconstructed wavefront for each aberration
像差 像散 离焦 慧差 三瓣叶 重建波前残差RMS(λ) 0.0893 0.1102 0.0576 0.0758
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表 3 噪声下的重建波前RMS误差
Table 3. RMS error of the reconstructed wavefront for each aberration
像差 像散 离焦 慧差 三瓣叶 椒盐噪声重建波前残差RMS(λ) 0.0850 0.1213 0.0587 0.0723 高斯噪声重建波前残差RMS(λ) 0.0932 0.1151 0.0606 0.0731
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表 4 系统结构参数
Table 4. System structure parameter
参数 值(mm) 系统通光口径 12 物镜焦距 560 微透镜单元口径 0.3 微透镜焦距 14 探测器宽度 3 像元尺寸 0.0029
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表 5 重建波前的RMS误差
Table 5. RMS error of reconstructed wavefront
像差 像散 离焦 慧差 三瓣叶 输入像差RMS(λ) 0.2449 0.3464 0.1061 0.1060 重建波前残差RMS(λ) 0.0436 0.0532 0.0308 0.0306
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