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摘要:
针对强湍流环境下自适应光学系统无理想点信标波前探测的难题，本文提出利用光场传感器(Plenoptic sensor)对扩展信标进行光场信息探测。对扩展信标的光场成像原理、波前位相重建算法、误差影响规律进行研究，利用等效法将扩展信标看做数个离散点的集合，简化扩展信标在光场传感器上的成像过程，然后将光场图像按照特定方式重新进行排列组合。通过图像互相关法和Zernike模式法实现0°视场的波前重建。针对不同输入像差系数、单列微透镜单元数和噪声等误差影响因素进行仿真研究，结果表明：当输入像差在6.5 λ以内时，波前重建精度约为0.08 λ，对于图像分辨率为
1080 ×1080 、像元尺寸为5.5 μm的图像探测器，单列微透镜单元数在40~50之间时波前重建精度最高，此外，系统噪声几乎不影响精度。最后，搭建了扩展信标波前探测系统，通过探测扩展信标对0°视场的4种像差波前进行重建，实验系统的波前重建精度约为0.04 λ，基本满足自适应光学系统的波前检测要求。Abstract:Aiming at the wavefront detection without an ideal point beacon in the adaptive optical system under the strong turbulent environment, we proposed a method to detect the optical field information of extended beacons using a Plenoptic sensor. The optical field imaging principle, wavefront phase reconstruction algorithm, and error influence rule of extended beacons were studied. The imaging process of the extended beacon on the optical field sensor was simplified through the equivalence method, and the optical field images were rearranged in a specific way. The image cross-correlation and Zernike mode methods were used to realize the wavefront reconstruction of the 0° field of view. Simulation studies were conducted on error-influencing factors such as different input aberration coefficients, the number of single-row microlens elements, and noise. The results show that when the input aberration is less than 6.5 λ, the wavefront reconstruction accuracy is about 0.08 λ. For the image detector with an image resolution of 1080×1080 and pixel size of 5.5 μm, the wavefront reconstruction accuracy is the highest when the number of single row microlens units is between 40 and 50, and the system noise hardly affects the accuracy. Finally, an extended beacon wavefront detection system was built to reconstruct the four aberrant wavefronts of 0° field of view by detecting the extended beacon. The wavefront reconstruction accuracy of the experimental system is about 0.04 λ, which meets the wavefront detection requirements of the adaptive optical system.
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Key words:
- strong turbulence /
- plenoptic sensor /
- extended beacons /
- wave front reconstruction
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图 3 物方平面与多个物方子区域的等效示意图
Figure 3. Equivalent diagram of object plane and multiple object square sub-regions
图 5 扩展目标光场图像重组示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of extended target light field image recombination
图 6 分辨率板光场成像仿真结果
Figure 6. Simulation results of light field imaging of resolution plate
图 11 4种像差波前重建误差随像差系数的变化曲线
Figure 11. Curves of wavefront reconstruction errors for four types of aberrations varying with aberration coefficient
图 12 波前重建误差随微透镜单元数量的变化曲线
Figure 12. Wavefront reconstruction error varying with the number of microlens elements
图 18 4种像差波前重建结果
Figure 18. Reconstruction results of four kinds of aberrant wavefronts
表 1 仿真系统结构参数
Table 1. Structure parameters of simulation system
(Unit: mm) 参数 值 系统通光口径 8.503 物镜焦距 1000 微透镜单元口径 0.1 微透镜焦距 11.76 探测器宽度 6 像元尺寸 0.0055 
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表 2 各像差对应的重建波前RMS误差
Table 2. RMS error of the reconstructed wavefront corresponding to each aberration
像差 重建波前残差RMS(λ) 像散 0.0893 离焦 0.1102 慧差 0.0576 三瓣叶 0.0758
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表 3 不同噪声下的重建波前残差
Table 3. RMS error of the reconstructed wavefront for each aberration under different types of noise
像差 椒盐噪声重建波前残差RMS(λ) 高斯噪声重建波前残差RMS(λ) 像散 0.0850 0.0932 离焦 0.1213 0.1151 慧差 0.0587 0.0606 三瓣叶 0.0723 0.0731
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表 4 系统结构参数
Table 4. System structure parameters
(Unit: mm) 参数 参数值 系统通光口径 12 物镜焦距 560 微透镜单元口径 0.3 微透镜焦距 14 探测器宽度 3 像元尺寸 0.0029
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表 5 几种像差的重建波前残差
Table 5. RMS errors of reconstructed wavefronts
像差 输入像差RMS(λ) 重建波前残差RMS(λ) 像散 0.2449 0.0436 离焦 0.3464 0.0532 慧差 0.1061 0.0308 三瓣叶 0.1060 0.0306
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