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摘要:
光谱合成技术是实现高能激光输出的重要技术途径，如何在高功率输出的前提下，保证高光束质量的激光输出已成为当前光谱合成技术最迫切要解决的问题。本文针对155 mm×140 mm矩形口径、（1 064±3）nm、（1030±3）nm和（635±5）nm波段光束的参数检测问题，设计了大口径多波段多参数检测系统。波前检测单元基于开普勒的望远结构，在构建变形镜与微透镜共轭关系的同时，压缩光束口径以匹配探测器尺寸。前组物镜采用卡塞格林结构，以解决大口径、多波段的色差校正难题；后组镜采用三片式复消色差折射镜组，补偿色差的同时，兼顾无热化设计，用以补偿前组物镜的残余热差和后组镜热差。经波前检测单元后进行分光探测，实现光束质量和光束均匀性检测。为了提高系统的环境适应性，采用光学被动无热化方法对系统进行了20 °C±10 °C的无热化设计。最后，对系统进行装调测试，采用泽尼克波前复原方法对波前探测相机采集的光斑图像进行波前复原，测得10 °C～30 °C下系统波前的RMS值优于0.0524λ（λ=632.8 nm），光束均匀性优于0.893，光束质量
β 因子优于1.26倍衍射极限。Abstract:Spectral synthesis technology is an important technical approach to achieving high-energy laser output. Ensuring high-quality laser output under the premise of high-power output has become the most urgent goal in further developing spectral synthesis technology. Aiming at the challenge of parameter detection for 155 mm × 140 mm rectangular aperture, (1064 ± 3) nm, (1030 ± 3) nm, and (635 ± 5) nm band beams, we design a large-aperture multi-band multi-parameter detection system. The wavefront detection unit is based on Kepler’s telescopic structure, the conjugate relationship between the deformable mirror and the microlens is constructed, at the same time, the compressed beam matches the detector size. The front group objective lenses adopt a Cassegrain structure to solve the problem of color difference correction in large-aperture and multi-band. The rear group of mirrors adopts a three-piece apochromatic refractor group, which compensates for the color difference while accounting for the non-thermal design. It can be used for compensation to the residual thermal difference of the front group of objectives and the thermal difference of the rear group of mirrors. After passing through the wavefront detection unit, the beam quality and beam uniformity can be measured. In order to improve the environmental adaptability of the system, it was designed through an optical passive anthermic method at 20 °C±10 °C. Finally, the system was installed and tested, and the wavefront spot image collected by the wavefront detection camera was restored using the Zernike wavefront restoration method. The measured RMS value of the wavefront of the system is better than 0.0524λ (λ=632.8 nm), the beam uniformity is better than 0.893, and the beam quality
β factor is better than 1.26 times the diffraction limit at 10 °C−30 °C. -
图 1 大口径多波段光束质量检测系统示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of large-aperture multi-band beam quality detection system
图 2 波前检测系统光学结构示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the optical structure of the wavefront detection system
图 3 波前检测系统的结构矩阵点列图
Figure 3. Point diagram of structure matrix of wavefront detection system
图 6 光束均匀性检测子系统光学结构图
Figure 6. Optical structure of beam uniformity detection subsystem
图 8 光束均匀性检测系统的结构矩阵点列图
Figure 8. Point diagram of structure matrix of beam uniformity detection system
图 13 光束质量检测系统结构矩阵点列图
Figure 13. Point diagram of structure matrix of beam quality detection system
图 16 加工、装调引起的光束质量变动
Figure 16. Changes in beam quality caused by machining and setting
图 17 大口径多波段光束质量检测系统
Figure 17. Large-aperture multi-band beam quality detection system
图 18 波前探测相机探测到的λ1波段光斑图像及其波前复原结果
Figure 18. Spot images detected by the wavefront detection camera and their wavefront restoration results at λ1 band
图 19 光束均匀性相机探测到的λ1波段光斑及其光强分布图像
Figure 19. Spot images and the intensity distribution detected by the beam uniformity camera at λ1 band
图 20 光束质量探测相机探测到的λ1波段光斑图像
Figure 20. Spot images detected by the beam quality detection camera at λ1 band
表 1 大口径多波段光束质量检测系统机械结构技术指标
Table 1. Technical index of mechanical structure of large-aperture multi-band beam quality detection system
指标 数值 系统整体尺寸 360 mm×200 mm×300 mm（长×宽×高） 系统重量 ≤25 kg 
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表 2 波前检测系统技术指标
Table 2. Technical index of the wavefront detection system
指标 数值 视场 ±3' 波段 （1064±3） nm、（1030±3） nm、（635±5） nm 口径 155 mm×140 mm 缩束倍率 1∶10.2 畸变 ≤1% 装调精度（RMS波前） ≤λ/15 工作环境 20 °C±10 °C 10 °C～30 °C光学系统设计结果波前PV值和RMS值的波动范围 PV≤λ/10，
RMS≤λ/20公差指标（RMS波前） ≤λ/8
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表 3 波前检测系统透镜相关系数
Table 3. Lens parameters of wavefront detection system
表面类型 曲率半径/mm 厚度/mm 材料 标准面 −576.126 −260.000 MIRROR 标准面 −69.040 150.000 MIRROR 标准面 Infinity 141.761 — 标准面 −192.097 4.000 H-ZPK5 标准面 −35.350 2.998 — 标准面 −33.460 3.000 H-F4 标准面 −236.455 3.000 — 标准面 −376.700 3.000 H-LAF3B 标准面 −116.680 30.000 —
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表 4 波前检测系统公差数据
Table 4. Tolerance of wavefront detection system
No. 光圈数 厚度/mm 透镜偏心/mm 透镜倾斜/（´） 折射率 阿贝误差% 镜1 3 0.05 0.01 0.6 0.001 0.3 镜2 3 0.05 0.01 0.6 0.001 0.3 镜3 3 0.05 0.03 1.5 0.001 0.3 镜4 3 0.05 0.03 1.5 0.001 0.3 镜5 3 0.05 0.03 1.5 0.001 0.3
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表 5 波前检测系统λ1、λ2、λ3波段蒙特卡洛分析结果
Table 5. Monte Carlo analysis results for λ1、λ2、λ3 in wavefront detection system
指标 数值 λ1 λ2 λ3 蒙特卡洛分析/% 90 90 90 RMS波前 0.0931λ1 0.0922λ2 0.1303λ3
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表 6 光束均匀性检测系统技术指标
Table 6. Technical index of beam uniformity detection system
指标 数值 缩束倍率 1:4.5 畸变 ≤1% 均匀性检测指标 ≥0.8 10 °C～30 °C光学系统设计结果波前
PV值和RMS值的波动范围PV≤λ/10，RMS≤λ/20 公差指标（RMS波前） ≤λ/8
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表 7 光束均匀性检测子系统透镜数据
Table 7. Lens parameters of beam uniformity detection subsystem
表面类型 曲率半径/mm 厚度/mm 材料 标准面 98.136 4.000 H-LAF3B 标准面 −61.232 2.000 — 标准面 −54.883 2.000 H-F4 标准面 32.964 5.984 — 标准面 38.503 4.000 H-ZPK5 标准面 −172.545 92.637 — 标准面 Infinity 27.515 — 标准面 557.963 1.000 H-F4 标准面 9.375 0.800 — 标准面 11.436 2.000 H-ZPK5 标准面 −12.687 10.000 —
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表 8 光束均匀性检测系统λ1、λ2、λ3波段蒙特卡洛分析结果
Table 8. Monte Carlo analysis results for λ1、λ2、λ3 in beam uniformity detection system
指标 数值 λ1 λ2 λ3 蒙特卡洛分析/% 90 90 90 RMS波前 0.1101λ1 0.1172λ2 0.1439λ3
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表 9 光束质量检测系统技术指标
Table 9. Technical index of beam quality detection system
指标 数值 光束质量β因子 β≤1.3 10 °C～30 °C光学系统设计结果波前PV值和RMS值的波动范围 PV≤λ/10，RMS≤λ/20
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表 10 光束质量检测子系统透镜数据
Table 10. Lens parameters of beam quality detection subsystem
表面类型 曲率半径/mm 厚度/mm 材料 标准面 88.158 4.000 H-LAF3B 标准面 −54.625 2.090 — 标准面 −44.584 2.000 H-F4 标准面 37.738 2.121 — 标准面 35.877 4.000 H-ZPK5 标准面 −779.682 93.327 —
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