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摘要:
精确计时对国民经济发展、科学技术进步以及国防军事安全等领域至关重要。基于双光子跃迁的光学频率标准因其稳定度高、复现性好和易于小型化等显著优势，有望成为实际可用的小型化光频标。本文简要阐述了双光子跃迁的基本原理，介绍了国内外基于双光子跃迁的铷原子光频标的研究现状和进展，最后分析总结得出未来基于双光子跃迁的铷原子光学频率标准的发展趋势为系统小型化、性能指标提升以及集成应用与工程化。
Abstract:Precise timing plays a vital roel in national economic development, scientific and technological progress, national defense and military security. The optical frequency standard based on two-photon transition is expected to become a practical miniaturized optical frequency standard due to its significant advantages such as high stability, good reproducibility and easy miniaturization. In this paper, the basic principle of two-photon transition is briefly described, and the research status and progress of rubidium atomic optical frequency standards based on two-photon transition at home and abroad are introduced. Finally, it is concluded that the future development trends of rubidium atomic optical frequency standards based on two-photon transition is system miniaturization, performance improvement, integrated application and engineering.
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Key words:
- two-photon transition /
- optical frequency standard /
- stability /
- miniaturization
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图 3 ATA、AFRL等联合团队报道的（a）双光子跃迁光钟方案与（b）频率稳定度结果[55]
Figure 3. ATA, AFRL and other joint teams reported (a) Two-photon transition optical clock scheme and (b) results of frequency stability.
表 1 国内外代表性双光子跃迁光频标研究现状
Table 1. Research status of representative optical frequency atomic clocks based on two-photon transition at home and abroad
国家 研究机构 年份 秒稳 (×10-13) 长稳 (×10-15) 文献 法国 LKB等 1998 3 10@1000 s [54] 美国 AFRL等 2018 4 4@10000 s [55] NIST 2019 44 220@1000 s [82] 2021 1.8 5@1600 s [81] 贝塞尔大学 2022 5 3@106s [95] 加拿大 拉瓦尔大学 2002 2.5 58@100 s [74] 英国 NPL 2005 9.3 120@100 s [75] 埃及 国家标准研究院 2016 40 680@1000 s [96] 澳大利亚 阿德莱德大学等 2023 1.5 3@8000 s [85] 中国 北京大学 2019 14 40@2000 s [88] 中科院上海光机所 2023 15 290@500 s [57] 中科院武汉精测院 2024 4 70@100 s [89] 
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