短波中波红外折反射式共口径光学系统设计

马洪涛; 韩冰; 许洪刚; 李旭; 张明亮

doi:10.37188/CO.2024-0154

短波中波红外折反射式共口径光学系统设计

doi: 10.37188/CO.2024-0154

cstr: 32171.14.CO.2024-0154

马洪涛^1,,
韩冰^{1, 2, ,},
许洪刚¹,
李旭¹,
张明亮¹

1.
中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所, 吉林长春 130033
2.
长春理工大学, 吉林长春 130022

基金项目: 吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高技术产业化专项资金项目（No. 2023SYHZ0047）；2024年度长春市卫星及应用产业重大科技专项（No. 2024WX03）

详细信息

作者简介:
马洪涛（1980—），男，吉林长春人，硕士，副研究员，硕士生导师，2006年于哈尔滨工业大学航天学院获得工学硕士学位，主要从事航天光机系统设计、检测、装调方面的研究。E-mail：mhtgjs@163.com

韩　冰（1981—），男，吉林长春人，博士研究生，正高级工程师，2004年于吉林大学物理学院获得理学学士学位，2024年于长春理工大学光电工程学院攻读博士学位，主要从事光学检测技术研究与检测设备研发工作。E-mail：hanbing@ciomp.ac.cn

中图分类号: O435
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-29
- 修回日期: 2024-09-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-25

Design of SWIR/MWIR catadioptric common-aperture optical system

1.
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
2.
Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China

Funds: Supported by Jilin Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences Science and Technology Cooperation High-Tech Industrialization Special Fund Project (No. 2023SYHZ0047); Major Science and Technology Project of Satellite and Application Industry of Changchun in 2024 (No. 2024WX03)

More Information

Corresponding author: hanbing@ciomp.ac.cn

摘要

摘要:
为了实现高精度、高可靠性的动态场景模拟，设计了一套短波中波多波段折反射式共口径光学系统。该系统结合了反射、折射和共口径光路的优势，该系统分为主光学系统、短波光学系统和中波光学系统，3个系统分别独立设计。通过理论计算得到光学系统的初始结构，再利用光学设计软件对光学参数作进一步细化，最后，按照光瞳匹配原则将各分系统组合在一起，并对系统的成像质量作进一步优化设计。利用调制传递函数（Modulation Transfer Function，MTF）和畸变等定量评价指标，仿真验证了系统设计的合理性。结果显示：所设计的短波光学系统视场角为±0.107°、焦距为2500 mm、入瞳尺寸为300 mm，MTF达到衍射极限，畸变小于0.3%；中波光学系统的视场角为±0.65°、焦距为750 mm、入瞳尺寸为300 mm，MTF接近衍射极限，畸变小于1%。该系统成像质量好、体积小、实用性强，在光电跟瞄和空间探测等领域具有较大应用潜力。
- 景物模拟器 /
- 光学设计 /
- 短波中波红外成像 /
- 共口径光学系统
Abstract:
In order to simulate dynamic scenes with high accuracy and high reliability, a short-wave infrared (SWIR) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) multiband catadioptric common-aperture optical system is designed. The system combines the advantages of reflection, refraction, and common-aperture optical paths. The system includes a main optical system, a short-wave optical system and a mid-wave optical system, all designed independently. The initial structure of the optical system is obtained according to theoretical calculation, and the optical parameters are further detailed by optical design software. Finally, the sub-systems are combined according to the principle of pupil matching. The system’s image quality is further optimized, and the system design's rationality is verified by the simulation of the modulation transfer function (MTF) and distortion. The designed short-wave optical system has a field angle of ±0.107°, a focal length of 2500 mm, an entry pupil size of 300 mm, an MTF that reaches the diffraction limit, and less than 0.3% distortion. The mid-wave optical system has a field angle of ±0.65°, a focal length of 750 mm, an entry pupil size of 300 mm, an MTF closes to the diffraction limit, and less than 1% distortion. The system has good image quality, small size and strong practicability. It has great application potential in the field of photoelectric tracking and space detection.
- scene simulator /
- optical design /
- SWIR/MWIR imaging /
- common-aperture optical system

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图 1 光学系统设计流程图

Figure 1. Flow chart of the optical system design

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图 2 主系统离轴两镜光学设计图

Figure 2. Optical design diagram of the off-axis two-mirror main system

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图 3 主光学系统MTF曲线

Figure 3. MTF curves of the main optical system

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图 4 中波主系统的光路形式

Figure 4. Optical path configuration of the mid-wave main system

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图 5 中波主光学系统MTF曲线

Figure 5. MTF curves of the mid-wave main optical system

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图 6 短波后端光学系统设计图

Figure 6. Design diagram of short-wave back-end optical system

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图 7 短波后端光学系统MTF曲线

Figure 7. MTF curves of the short-wave back-end optical system

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图 8 短波后端光学系统畸变曲线

Figure 8. Distortion curve of the short-wave back-end optical system

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图 9 中波后端系统光学设计图

Figure 9. Optical design diagram of the mid-wave back-end system

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图 10 中波后端光学系统MTF曲线

Figure 10. MTF curves of the mid-wave back-end optical system

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图 11 中波后端光学系统畸变曲线

Figure 11. Distortion curve of the mid-wave back-end optical system

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图 12 目标与背景模拟光学系统设计图

Figure 12. Design diagram for target and background simulation optical system

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图 13 五路系统的MTF曲线

Figure 13. MTF curves of a five-way system

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图 14 五路系统的畸变曲线

Figure 14. Distortion curves of a five-way system

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图 15 光线追迹渐晕分析

Figure 15. Ray tracing vignetting analysis

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表 1 折反射式共口径光学系统的主要参数

Table 1. Main parameters of the catadioptric common-aperture optical system

Num.	Specification	Short-wave system	Mid-wave system
1	Wave band/ μm	1.0-1.7	3.7-4.8
2	Channels	1	3.7-4.0，4.1-4.35， 4.35-4.6，4.55-4.8
3	FOV/ω	±0.107°	±0.65°
4	Focus/mm	2500	750
5	Entrance PD/mm	300	300
6	Exit PD/mm	1300	1300
7	Image size	/	The same size/4
8	Distortion	≤0.3%	≤1%
注：Entrance PD= Entrance Pupil Diameter，入瞳尺寸；Exit PD=Exit Pupil diameter，出瞳距离。

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表 2 主系统光学设计参数

Table 2. Optical design parameters of the main system

Mirror Num.	Curve radius /mm	Distance /mm	Semi-diameter /mm	Off-axis /mm
1	−1500	−900	170	300
2	300		40	−58

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表 3 中波主系统光学设计参数

Table 3. Optical design parameters of the mid-wave main system

Mirror Num.	Curve radius /mm	Distance /mm	Semi-diameter /mm	Off-axis /mm
1	−1500.00	−900	170.00	300
2	300.00		40.00	−58
3	207.93	19	33.33	KBR
4	−128.33	0.50	33.10	KBR
5	−754.76	10	32.36	SILICON
6	776.51	0.50	32.13	SILICON
7	234.00	20	32.19	KBR
8	−89.34	0	31.84	KBR
9	−89.34	17.20	31.84	GAAS
10	−148.50	200	35.36	GAAS

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表 4 短波后端系统的光学参数

Table 4. Optical parameters of the short-wave back-end system

Num.	Specification	Short-wave system
1	Wave band/ μm	1.0-1.7
2	FOV/ω(°)	±0.54
3	Focus/mm	500
4	Entrance PD/mm	60
5	Image size	/
6	Distortion	≤0.3%

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表 5 短波后端光学系统设计参数

Table 5. Design parameters of the short-wave back-end optical system

Mirror Num.	Curve radius /mm	Distance /mm	Semi-diameter /mm	Materials
1	229.09	20	50.61	H-LAF55
2	−192.78	4.31	49.90	H-LAF55
3	−177.10	12	48.22	H-LAF50B
4	−1950.66	6.70	46.73	H-LAF50B
5	−533.78	11	45.87	H-ZF88GT
6	476.42	35.99	45.19	H-ZF88GT
7	−4768.94	10	45.16	H-LAF55
8	−329.67	436.70	45.19	H-LAF55

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表 6 中波后端系统的光学参数

Table 6. Design parameters of the mid-wave back-end optical system

Num.	Specification	Mid-wave system
1	Wave band/ μm	3.7-4.8
2	FOV/ω	±3.23°
3	Focus/mm	150
4	Entrance PD	60
5	Image size	The same size/4
6	Distortion	≤1%

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表 7 中波后端光学系统设计参数

Table 7. Design parameters of the mid-wave back-end optical system

Mirror Num.	Curve radius /mm	Distance /mm	Semi-diameter /mm	Materials
1	168.31	29.02	47.50	SILICON
2	229.17	9.64	42.54	SILICON
3	6736.72	15.00	41.43	GERMANIUM
4	773.91	102.20	40.61	GERMANIUM
5	820.84	26.25	35.63	SILICON
6	−330.43	7.58	34.56	SILICON
7	−214.63	18.00	31.30	GERMANIUM
8	−446.58	0.10	31.49	GERMANIUM
9	79.49	22.50	30.22	SILICON
10	69.43	230.28	23.24	SILICON

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表 8 加工与装调公差

Table 8. Machining and fitting tolerances

Num.	Tolerance classification	Tolerance value
1	Aperture	2
2	Thickness (spacing)/mm	0.02
3	Refractive index	0.0003
4	Dispersion coefficient	0.005
5	Local aperture	0.2
6	Single-mirror tilt/(′)	1

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