Sensitivity-enhanced fiber-optic temperature sensor using cascaded Lyot-Sagnac and Fabry-Pérot interferometers
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摘要:
为了有效提高检测灵敏度和实用性，本文提出了一种基于游标效应增敏的Lyot-Sagnac传感结构与Fabry-Pérot干涉仪（FPI）级联的光纤温度传感器。其中，Lyot-Sagnac传感结构是通过90°旋转熔接不同长度保偏光纤（PMF）制作的，FPI是利用空芯光子晶体光纤作为F-P腔制作的。理论分析结果表明，通过90°旋转熔接方法制作的Lyot-Sagnac传感结构输出光谱包络良好，并与FPI级联利用游标效应能够显著提高传感器温度检测灵敏度。实验结果表明，级联传感器分别以Lyot-Sagnac传感结构中不同长度的PMF作为传感部位时，温度检测灵敏度为12.56 nm/°C和 92.77 nm/°C。相比于单独的Lyot-Sagnac干涉结构，本文提出的传感器灵敏度提升了约57倍。此外，在同一测量带宽情况下，PMF1模式的测量范围是PMF2模式的9.3倍。因此，相较于传统游标效应光纤温度传感器，本文提出的双响应模式温度传感器不仅具有良好的检测灵敏度，而且利用同一光谱检测设备可有效适配不同检测范围与灵敏度需求的应用场景，为性能可调式光纤温度传感器的研发提供了一种新思路。
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关键词:
- 光纤温度传感器 /
- Lyot-Sagnac结构 /
- 游标效应 /
- Fabry-Pérot干涉仪
Abstract:To effectively enhance detection sensitivity and practicality, this paper proposes a fiber-optic temperature sensor based on a cascaded Lyot-Sagnac sensing structure sensitized by the Vernier effect and a Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI). The Lyot-Sagnac structure is fabricated by 90° rotated splicing of polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) with different lengths, while the FPI is constructed using a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) as the Fabry-Pérot cavity. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the Lyot-Sagnac structure fabricated via the 90° rotated splicing method exhibits a well-defined spectral envelope, and its cascading with the FPI significantly improves temperature sensitivity through the Vernier effect. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the cascade sensor is 12.56 nm/°C and 92.77 nm/°C when the PMF of different lengths in the Lyot-Sagnac sensor structure is used as the sensing location. Compared to a standalone Lyot-Sagnac interferometer, the proposed sensor achieves a sensitivity enhancement factor of approximately 57 times. In addition, the measurement range of PMF1 mode is 9.3 times that of PMF2 mode for the same measurement bandwidth. Therefore, compared with the traditional vernier effect fiber optic temperature sensor, the dual-response mode temperature sensor proposed in this paper not only has good detection sensitivity, but also can effectively adapt to the application scenarios with different detection ranges and sensitivity requirements by using the same spectral detection equipment, providing a new idea for the development of performance adjustable fiber optic temperature sensors.
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图 1 基于Lyot-Sagnac传感结构与FPI级联的光纤传感器结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a fiber-optic sensor structure based on a Lyot-Sagnac sensing configuration cascaded with a FPI
图 2 传感器采用光纤的端面表征：（a）PMF；（b）HCPCF
Figure 2. End-face characterization of optical fibers used in the sensor: (a) PMF; (b) HCPCF
图 3 单一Lyot-Sagnac传感结构实验装置示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for a single Lyot-Sagnac sensing configuration
图 4 级联结构传感器实验装置示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for the cascaded sensor configuration
图 5 单一Lyot-Sagnac传感结构、FPI和级联传感器的输出光谱仿真结果
Figure 5. Simulation results of output spectra for a single Lyot-Sagnac sensing configuration, FPI and cascaded sensor
图 6 改变B1系数时，传感结构的温度响应仿真计算结果：（a）单一Lyot-Sagnac结构；（b）级联传感器
Figure 6. Simulated temperature response characteristics of the sensing structure under varying B1 coefficient: (a) Single Lyot-Sagnac configuration; (b) Cascaded sensor
图 7 改变B2系数时，传感结构的温度响应仿真计算结果：（a）单一Lyot-Sagnac结构；（b）级联传感器
Figure 7. Simulated temperature response characteristics of the sensing structure under varying B2 coefficient: (a) Single Lyot-Sagnac configuration; (b) Cascaded sensor
图 8 Lyot-Sagnac结构、FPI和级联传感器的透射光谱
Figure 8. Transmission spectra of the Lyot-Sagnac structure, FPI and cascaded sensor
图 9 单一Lyot-Sagnac结构中PMF1作为传感部位的温度响应图谱：（a）干涉图谱；（b）线性拟合结果
Figure 9. Temperature response characteristics of PMF1 as the sensing element in a single Lyot-Sagnac configuration: (a) Interference spectrum; (b) Linear fitting result
图 10 单一Lyot-Sagnac结构中PMF2作为传感部位的温度响应图谱：（a）干涉图谱；（b）线性拟合结果
Figure 10. Temperature response characteristics of PMF2 as the sensing element in a single Lyot-Sagnac configuration: (a) Interference spectrum; (b) Linear fitting result
图 11 级联传感器中PMF1作为传感部位的温度响应图谱：（a）干涉图谱；（b）线性拟合结果
Figure 11. Temperature response characteristics of PMF1 as the sensing element in the cascaded sensor: (a) Interference spectrum; (b) Linear fitting result
图 12 级联传感器中PMF2作为传感部位的温度响应图谱：（a）干涉图谱；（b）线性拟合结果
Figure 12. Temperature response characteristics of PMF2 as the sensing element in the cascaded sensor: (a) Interference spectrum; (b) Linear fitting result
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