Design of cooled infrared dual-band zoom focal spectral imaging optical system based on Offner scheme
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摘要:
随着中长红外高光谱成像技术的突破性进展，军用高光谱成像系统凭借其独特的特征识别能力和隐蔽侦察优势，在现代战场态势感知领域展现出了显著的战略价值，例如实时目标识别、反伪装侦察及全球军事目标动态监控。本研究面向航空探测应用需求，基于320×240像素双色制冷型红外探测器，设计了一种工作于中波红外（3.7~4.8 μm）和长波红外（7.7~9.5 μm）的双波段Offner型光谱成像系统。该系统采用折射与折反射混合光学结构，实现了32 mm、200 mm、800 mm三视场切换式变焦功能。光学系统采用Offner分光结构，有效抑制了系统初级像差；其次，通过引入二次成像中继系统，实现了100%冷光阑匹配，有效降低了冷反射效应。实验测试表明，该系统在各波段及不同焦距状态下均表现出优异的成像性能：在特征频率17 lp/mm处，调制传递函数接近衍射极限，且温度变化对成像质量变化影响不大；光学像质满足指标设计。该光学系统兼具宽光谱响应、大变倍比（25×）和快速视场切换等特点。光谱分辨率达到25 nm，其成像质量与光谱分辨能力满足航空光电侦察的技术需求，在军事侦察、安防监控及环境监测等领域具有重要的应用价值。
Abstract:With the breakthrough progress of mid-wave and long-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging technology, the military hyperspectral imaging system, with its unique feature recognition capability and covert reconnaissance advantages, has demonstrated significant strategic value in the field of modern battlefield situational awareness, e.g., real-time target identification, anti-camouflage reconnaissance, and dynamic monitoring of global military targets. In this study, a dual-band Offner-type spectral imaging system operating in the mid-wave infrared (3.7−4.8 μm) and long-wave infrared (7.7−9.5 μm) is designed for aerial detection applications based on a 320×240-pixel dual-color cooled infrared detector. The system adopts a hybrid refractive and refractive-reflective optical structure, and realizes a three-field-of-view switching zoom function of 32 mm, 200 mm and 800 mm. The optical system adopts the Offner spectroscopic structure, which effectively suppresses the primary aberration of the system; secondly, through the introduction of the secondary imaging relay system, it achieves 100% cold diaphragm matching and significantly reduces the cold reflection effect. Experimental tests show that the system exhibits excellent imaging performance in all bands and at different focal lengths: at a characteristic frequency of 17 lp/mm, the modulation transfer function approaches the diffraction limit, and temperature changes have little effect on imaging quality; optical image quality meets design specifications. The optical system is characterized by wide spectral response, large magnification ratio (25×) and fast field of view switching. The spectral resolution reaches 25 nm, and its imaging quality and spectral resolution meet the technical requirements of aviation photoelectric reconnaissance, which has important application value in military reconnaissance, security monitoring and environmental monitoring.
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Key words:
- optical system design /
- Offner /
- infrared dual-band /
- cooled /
- zoom system
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图 1 光学系统总体结构原理图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the optical system.
图 2 光学系统的变倍方式示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the zoom method of the optical system.
图 5 32 mm和200 mm的前置望远物镜系统设计图
Figure 5. Front telescope objective system design for 32 mm and 200 mm.
图 7 不同焦距下前置望远物镜系统的点列图
Figure 7. Spot diagrams of the front telescope objective system at different focal lengths.
图 10 Offner分光系统点列图（左图为中波中心波长4.25 μm，右图为长波中心波长8.1 μm）
Figure 10. Offner beam splitting system spot diagrams. (left image is the center wavelength of MWIR 4.25 μm, right image is the center wavelength of LWIR 8.1 μm)
图 13 二次成像中继系统点列图（左图为3.7 μm~4.8 μm，右图为7.7 μm~9.5 μm）
Figure 13. Spot diagrams of the secondary imaging relay system. (left image: 3.7 μm−4.8 μm; right image: 7.7 μm−9.5 μm)
图 15 短焦（32 mm）红外光谱成像系统结构图
Figure 15. Structure of a short-focus (32 mm) infrared spectral imaging system.
图 16 中焦（200 mm）红外光谱成像系统结构图
Figure 16. Structure of a medium-focus (200 mm) infrared spectral imaging system.
图 17 长焦（800 mm）红外光谱成像系统结构图
Figure 17. Structure of a long-focus (800 mm) infrared spectral imaging system.
图 18 不同焦距下红外光谱成像系统的点列图
Figure 18. Spot diagrams of infrared spectral imaging systems at different focal lengths.
图 19 不同红外光谱成像系统的MTF图
Figure 19. MTF diagrams of different infrared spectral imaging systems
图 20 不同焦距下红外光谱成像系统的分辨率特性图
Figure 20. Plot of resolution characteristics of infrared spectral imaging systems at different focal lengths.
图 21 冷反射现象光线追迹示意图
Figure 21. Schematic diagram of ray tracing for cold reflection phenomenon.
图 22 靶面冷反射能量图（短焦32 mm）
Figure 22. Target surface cold reflection energy map (32 mm short focus).
图 23 靶面冷反射能量图（长焦800 mm）
Figure 23. Target surface cold reflection energy map (800 mm long focus).
图 24 中波波段不同焦距在−40 °C和60 °C时的MTF曲线
Figure 24. MTF curves at different focal lengths in the medium wave band at -40°C and 60°C.
图 25 长波波段不同焦距在−40 °C和60 °C时的MTF曲线
Figure 25. MTF curves at different focal lengths in the long wave band at -40°C and 60°C.
表 1 系统设计指标
Table 1. System design indicators
Parameters Value Working Spectrum/μm 3.7 μm−4.8 μm, 7.7 μm−9.5 μm F# 4 Zoom Magnification 25× Detector Specifications 320 pixel×240 pixel Detector Pixel 30 μm×30 μm Focal Length 32 mm, 200 mm, 800 mm Spectral Resolution/nm 25 Dispersion Width/mm 7.68 
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表 2 常见的宽波段红外材料参数
Table 2. Common broadband infrared material parameters
材料 透射范围
（μm）折射率
（λ=4 μm）阿贝数
（λ=3~5 μm）阿贝数
（λ=8~12 μm）Ge 2~23 4.0247 103.4 834.3 Si 1.1~23 3.4255 250 2200 GaAs 0.9~16 3.3070 146.0 107.4 ZnSe 0.55~18 2.4331 176.9 58.0 ZnS 0.42~18.2 2.3468 109.63 22.9 AMTIR1 1~14 2.5144 196.7 115.2 IG6 1~12 2.7947 168 163 IRG205 1~15 2.6222 96.63 93.63
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表 3 可能发生冷反射现象的第2、3、4、7、11面的YNI和I/IBAR值
Table 3. YNI and I/IBAR for surfaces 2, 3, 4, 7 and 11 where cold reflections may occur
面 2 3 4 7 11 YNI 中波 −0.407 −0.483 0.071 −0.087 0.499 长波 −0.403 −0.480 0.073 −0.081 0.503 I/IBAR 中波 0.404 0.457 0.196 0.064 0.001 长波 0.403 0.457 0.202 0.050 0.004
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