Development of a doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometer for ground-based wind field detection at the 557.7 nm wavelength
doi: 10.37188/CO.EN-2022-0018
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摘要:
为探测中层大气风场信息，研制了一台具有热补偿特性的大集光率（AΩ）、高信噪比（Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR）的地基多普勒非对称空间外差（Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne, DASH）干涉仪。针对557.7 nm的氧原子气辉谱线，制定了DASH干涉仪的详细参数和指标。系统采用扩视场和消热差设计，半视场角达到2.815°，集光率为0.09525 cm2sr，系统信噪比在113.75左右，经过热补偿设计后，最终光程差随温度变化(
d Δd 0/dT )的数值仅为2.224×10−7 mm/°C。根据相应参数设计优化了光学系统，前置光学系统和探测器光学系统分别采用像方远心和双远心结构，各项指标均满足探测要求。为验证设计结果，搭建了地基DASH干涉仪实验平台，进行室内以及地基室外实验，最终得到了明显的干涉条纹。上述结果证明DASH干涉仪的系统设计是合理的，系统的信噪比和集光率满足检测要求。-
关键词:
- 地基DASH干涉仪 /
- 557.7 nm氧原子气辉谱线 /
- 光学设计 /
- 信噪比
Abstract:A ground-based Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH) interferometer with a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and large etendue (AΩ) with thermal compensation was developed to detect wind field information in the middle atmosphere. The detailed parameters and index of the DASH interferometer were developed for the 557.7 nm oxygen airglow spectral line. The system was designed with an expanded Field Of View (FOV) and thermal compensation. The half-FOV angle reached 2.815°, the etendue was 0.09525 cm2sr, and the system’s SNR was approximately 113.75. Through the thermal compensation design, the final optical path difference with temperature variation (
d Δd 0/dT ) was only 2.224×10−7mm/°C. The optical system was designed and optimized according to the corresponding parameters. Image-side telecentric and bilateral telecentric optical system structures were used in the entrance optics and exit optics, respectively, and parameters such as telecentricity and distortion met the detection requirements. To verify the design results, a ground-based DASH interferometer experimental platform was constructed, and indoor and outdoor ground-based experiments were conducted. In the final experiment, clear interference fringes were obtained, which proves that the system design results of the DASH interferometer are reasonable, and the system’s SNR and etendue meet the detection requirements. -
Figure 2. Curves of the modulation and phase difference varying with optical path difference of the 557.7 nm spectral line at 90–110 km
Figure 3. Curves of the modulation and phase difference varying with optical path difference of the 557.7 nm spectral line at 150–300 km
Figure 4. Plot of the optical path difference versus the interferogram intensity difference
Figure 6. (a) Relationship between signal to noise ratio and pixel position; (b) graph of variation of wind speed error with SNR
Figure 12. (a) Schematic diagram of the laboratory debugging device; (b) photograph of the laboratory debugging device
Table 3. Basic parameters of DASH interferometer
Parameter System indicators Littrow wavelength 557.7 nm Half of view angle 2.815° Diameter of the pupil 40 mm Field of view
extension prismMaterials H-LAK2A Angulus parietalis 8.7424° Wedged spacers Materials Fused silica (spacers1);
H-FK61 (spacers 2)Thickness Fused silica (spacers1);
H-FK61 (spacers 2)Beam splitter Splitting ratio 1∶1 Asymmetrical 20.363 mm Materials H-K9LAGT Gratings Grating Littrow angle 9.631° Grating diffraction order 1 Grating effective width 13.69 mm Materials Fused silica Lines 600 gr/mm 
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Table 1. DASH system parameter list
System Parameter Value Transmittance of an optical system: τtot(σ). 0.07 Detector quantum efficiency: η(σ) 0.9 Optical system: F # 3.862 Detector pixel size: d 13 μm Dark current ηdark (refrigeration
temperature d∆d0/dT：−80 °C)0.00025 Readout noise: σread 1e-/p·s-1
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Table 2. Design indices of the dual telecentric optical system
Parameter System indicators Wavelength 557.7 nm Magnification −0.9715 F# 9 Distortion 2.4×10−5 Back focal length 30 mm Telecentricity <7.0×10−3
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Table 4. DASH system specifications
Parameter System indicators Resolving power 16402.941 measuring range 90-110 km (Height of airglow) Resolution of measurement 1.0933 cm−1 (0.034 nm) $\dfrac{ {{\rm{d}}\Delta { d_0} } }{ { {\rm{d} }T} }$ 2.224×10−7 mm/°C Etendue (AΩ) 0.09525 cm2sr SNR 113.75 Decomposition
of precisionTemperature 0.05 rad/°C SNR SNR>60，wind speed error <10−4 m/s Inversion accuracy (Nuttall
window function, FWHM=10)0.00064 m/s
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