Co-phasing method for sparse aperture optical systems based on multichannel fringe tracking
doi: 10.37188/CO.EN-2024-0002
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摘要:
本文提出采用多通道条纹跟踪方法以实现大口径稀疏孔径望远镜的有效共相调整，该方法允许同时进行多个光路的干涉测量，避免了传统干涉方法中沿镜面边界进行成对测量的需要，从而提高了检测效率并降低了系统复杂性。使用光学波前理论分析了多光束干涉过程的原理和基于光纤直接连接的共相检测模块构造，并对通过多路径干涉获得的系统面型进行了误差分析，探索了干涉方法的潜在应用。最后，通过实验验证实现了原理贯通，通过平场校准和非相干数字合成，实现了优于0.4的干涉条纹对比度，并且动态测量范围优于工作中心波长（
1550 nm）的10倍以上，实现了比工作中心波长（1550 nm）更优的分辨率。实现三光束干涉的同时检测效率提高了50%，从而有效提高了稀疏孔径望远镜的共相效率，满足8~10 m望远镜的观测要求，为观察遥远和暗淡的天体提供了技术基础。Abstract:To realize effective co-phasing adjustment in large-aperture sparse-aperture telescopes, a multichannel stripe tracking approach is employed, allowing simultaneous interferometric measurements of multiple optical paths and circumventing the need for pairwise measurements along the mirror boundaries in traditional interferometric methods. This approach enhances detection efficiency and reduces system complexity. Here, the principles of the multibeam interference process and construction of a co-phasing detection module based on direct optical fiber connections were analyzed using wavefront optics theory. Error analysis was conducted on the system surface obtained through multipath interference. Potential applications of the interferometric method were explored. Finally, the principle was verified by experiment, an interferometric fringe contrast better than 0.4 is achieved through flat field calibration and incoherent digital synthesis. The dynamic range of the measurement exceeds 10 times of the center wavelength of the working band (
1550 nm). Moreover, a resolution better than one-tenth of the working center wavelength (1550 nm) was achieved. Simultaneous three-beam interference can be achieved, leading to a 50% improvement in detection efficiency. This method can effectively enhance the efficiency of sparse aperture telescope co-phasing, meeting the requirements for observations of 8–10 m telescopes. This study provides a technological foundation for observing distant and faint celestial objects. -
Figure 1. Fundamental principles of fringe sampling. (a) System light-intensity sampling position and (b) sparse-aperture boundary multi-point sampling position
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of fringe tracking sensing and control for the LASAT system
Figure 3. Verification of the accuracy of the sparse aperture wavefront reconstruction. (a)–(c) Large aberration, (d)–(f) medium aberration, and (g)–(i) small aberration (The three columns correspond to the reconstructed wavefront, the original wavefront and the residuals, respectively)
Figure 4. Multi-fringe testing verification experiment. (a) System architecture diagram; (b) experiment field diagram including beam combination (top), fiber coupler (middle) and fringe (bottom)
Figure 5. Three-beam interference principle and its fringes in different wavelength ranges
Figure 6. Validation results of the dual-wavelength fringe tracking. (a), (b) Interference fringes formed by the narrowband light at
1530 nm and their average cross-section; (c), (d) interference fringes formed by the narrowband light at1560 nm and their average cross-section; (e), (f) incoherent synthesis of the dual wavelength and average cross-section -
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