利用Nd: YAG激光诱导击穿光谱法检测橡胶共混物中锌的均匀性分布

EMDEBenjamin; HERMSDORFJörg; KAIERLEStefan; OVERMEYERLudger

doi:10.3788/CO.20150804.0596

利用Nd: YAG激光诱导击穿光谱法检测橡胶共混物中锌的均匀性分布

doi: 10.3788/CO.20150804.0596

汉诺威激光中心, 汉诺威 30419, 德国

基金项目: QUAK "Quality evaluation system for caoutchouc mixtures"

详细信息

通讯作者:
Benjamin Emde, M.Sc.:He studied Electrical Engineering at the University of Applied Sciences Osnabrueck. Since 2011, he works at the Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., as a member of the group Machines and Controls. E-mail:b.emde@lzh.de

Jrg Hermsdorf, Dr.-Ing.:He received his degree at the college of higher education in 1996. He then worked in the building industry as a project and welding engineer. In 2001, he started working at the Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. as a research scientist. In 2009 he took over the position as the group leader of the Machines and Controls group. In 2013 he earned a PhD in mechanical engineering at the Leibniz University of Hannover. He has significant experience in arc and laser welding of steel, aluminium and other materials from different projects. E-mail:j.hermsdorf@lzh.de

Stefan Kaierle, Dr.-Ing.:He studied electrical engineering and went on to do his PhD in mechanical engineering at RWTH Aachen University. In 1998 he entered Fraunhofer ILT as a department head for system technology. In this role, his main research was focused on laser system technology, laser materials processing, laser process control and optics, as well as related fields like eco-efficiency, automation and laser engineering. In 2012, he moved to Laser Center Hannover(LZH) and assumed responsibility for the department of Materials and Processes. He has been the President of the European Laser Institute(ELI) for 10 years(2003-2013) and is now member of the Board of Directors of the Laser Institute of America(LIA). He has been chairman and board member of many international conferences. His academic achievements have been honored by the Laser Institute of America(Fellow), the European Laser Institute(Fellow) and the CIOMP, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences(Honorary Professor). E-mail:s.kaierle@lzh.de

Ludger Overmeyer, Prof. Dr.-Ing:He studied electrical engineering at the University of Hannover. In 1996 diploma in electrical engineering, PhD in mechanical engineering (production technology) at the Leibniz Universitt Hannover. He heads the Institute of Transport and Automation Technology(ITA) at the Leibniz Universitt Hannover and is member of the management board of the Institute of Integrated Production Hannover(IPH). He was appointed to the Board of Directors of the LZH in 2010 and is a Scientific-Technical Director of the Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. since April 2013. E-mail:l.overmeyer@lzh.de

中图分类号: TN247
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-04-06
- 录用日期: 2015-05-11
- 刊出日期: 2015-01-25

Identification of the zinc dispersion in rubber blends by libs with a Nd: YAG laser

Laser Zentrum Hannover e. V., Hannover 30419, Germany

摘要

摘要: 激光诱导击穿光谱是一种基于激光的定性、定量分析化学元素的方法,可用于分析混合室中的橡胶共混物。本文采用波长为1 064 nm、脉冲能量为100 mJ的Nd: YAG激光诱导击穿光谱法检测橡胶共混物中锌的分散情况。实验表明,正确混料决定了橡胶产品的质量,较短的混合时间将会导致混料的不均匀分散;焦距等参数设置对光谱线强度影响较大。激发标定样品可产生标定曲线。通过行扫描可分析锌在橡胶共混物中的分散情况。通过估算沿着行扫描方向的强度分布,可检测由于混合时间较短和旋转速度不同而引起的锌均匀性变化。
- 激光诱导击穿光谱 /
- 橡胶 /
- Nd: YAG激光器 /
- 锌
Abstract: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a laser based method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical elements. It could be used for the analysis of rubber blends in the mixing room. In this paper, zinc dispersion in rubber blends is detected with LIBS by using a Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1 064 nm and a pulse energy of 100 mJ. Experiments show that the quality of rubber products depends on the correct blending of the mixing components. For example short mixing times can lead to an inhomogeneous dispersion of these components. The intensity of the spectral lines is strongly affected by the setup parameters like the focal position. The use of calibration samples allows creating a calibration curve. Based on line scans, the zinc dispersion in these rubber blends can be analyzed. Variations in the homogeneity of the zinc caused by short mixing times or different rotation speed of the mixer can be detected by the evaluation of the intensity profile along these line scans.
- LIBS /
- rubber /
- Nd: YAG-Laser /
- zinc

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Figure Fig1. Sample chamber with LIBS-head, laser-head and spectroscope console

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Figure Fig2. Schematic setup of the LIBS-head and the focal position of the laser beam and the spectroscopes

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Figure 3. View into the sample chamber and the optical elements

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Figure Fig4. Zinc intensity of an aluminium alloy calibration sample at 481.1 nm depending on the focal position of the laser beam and the distance between the aperture nozzle and the sample surface

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Figure 5. Reference spectra of natural rubber and natural rubber+10 phr zinc

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Figure Fig6. Zinc concentration as a function of the signal intensity at 481.1 nm

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Figure Fig7. Energy dispersive x-ray scanning of the zinc dispersion in the rubber sample(figure adaption: lightness=+20% and contrast=+20%)

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Table Table 1. Spectroscope specification

Spectroscope Wavelength/nm Grating Resolution/nm

1 314-416 3 600 0.06
2 414-498 2 400 0.09
3 496-718 1 200 0.18
4 716-904 1 200 0.18
5 804-977 1 200 0.18

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Table Table 2. Variation coefficient of the zinc intensity at 481.1 nm of different line scans for a mixing process with 40(sample A) and 70(sample B) revolutions per minute

Line scan Variation coefficient/%

sample A sample B

1 31.8 7.8
2 37.0 7.8
3 26.3 12.6
4 29.4 7.4
5 30.4 6.7

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