A detection method based on line-structured light sensor for geometrical morphology of track slab
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摘要: 轨道板的外形尺寸精度对于保证高速铁路轨道质量起着至关重要的作用，针对现有轨道板检测方法存在的问题，本文建立了一种基于线结构光传感器的轨道板测量系统并提出了基于轨道板点云数据的几何参数测量方法。线结构光传感器按照固定间隔扫描CRTS Ⅲ型轨道板，获得点云数据；利用轨道板中特殊位置点云数据对整个点云数据进行位置和姿态的校正；最后根据特征参数定义，实现轨道板四项关键几何参数的快速非接触测量。实验结果表明，本文提出的测量方法测量精度可达0.2 mm，满足轨道板的在线检测要求Abstract: The dimensional accuracy of track slab plays an important role in ensuring the quality of the high-speed railway track. Aiming at the problems existing in the pressent track slam detection methods, we establish a track slam measurement system based on line-structured light sensor and propose a geometric parameter measurement method based on track slam point cloud data. The line-structured laser sensor scans the CRTS Ⅲ type track slab at regular intervals to obtain point cloud data. The position and attitude of the entire point cloud data are corrected by using the point cloud data at a special position in the track slam. Finally, according to the definition of the characteristic parameters, the rapid non-contact measurement of four key geometric parameters of track slab is realized. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of this proposed method can reach 0.2 mm, which meets the on-line detection requirements of track slabs.
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图 4 灰度信息和三维点云信息
Figure 4. Grayscale information and three dimensional point cloud information
图 6 扫描方向与轨道板中轴线存在夹角
Figure 6. Angle between the central axis of track plate and scanning direction
图 9 (a) 轨道板灰度矩阵图像; (b)边缘提取效果
Figure 9. (a)Grayscale matrix image of track plate; (b)extracted effect of edge
表 1 轨道板外形尺寸偏差及检测要求
Table 1. Dimension deviation and test requirements of track plate
检测项目 标准值 允许偏差 每批检测数量 承轨面坡度/(°) 1.430 ±0.2 全检 承轨台与钳口面夹角/(°) 110.00 ±1.0 全检 左钳口高度/mm 78.00 ±0.5 全检 右钳口高度/mm 88.00 ±0.5 全检 小钳口距离/mm 376.00 ±0.5 全检 
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表 2 测量结果
Table 2. Measurement results
测量参数 测量值(校正前) 测量误差(校正前) 测量值(校正后) 测量误差(校正后) 承轨面坡度/(°) 1.410 0.020 1.432 0.002 左钳口夹角/(°) 112.454 2.454 110.636 0.634 右钳口夹角/(°) 108.448 1.552 109.860 0.140 左钳口高度/mm 78.15 0.15 78.10 0.10 右钳口高度/mm 88.42 0.42 88.20 0.20 小钳口距离/mm 376.43 0.43 376.13 0.13
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