固态面阵激光雷达接收光学系统设计

魏雨; 蒋世磊; 孙国斌; 张兴星; 王玉宁

doi:10.3788/CO.2019-0166

固态面阵激光雷达接收光学系统设计

doi: 10.3788/CO.2019-0166

西安工业大学光电工程学院，陕西西安 710021

基金项目: 陕西省教育厅重点实验室科研计划（No. 18JS053）；陕西省科技厅重点实验室项目（No. 2013SZS14-P01）

详细信息

作者简介:
魏　雨(1992—)，男，陕西西安人，硕士研究生，主要从事光学系统设计、光学精密仪器设计方面的研究工作。E-mail: 544874529@qq.com

蒋世磊(1963—)，男，河北石家庄人，教授，主要从事光学精密仪器设计，光电检测与校正技术方面的研究工作。E-mail: 2429765449@qq.com

孙国斌(1982-)，男，山西长治人，讲师，主要从事精密光学加工、光学精密仪器设计方面的研究工作。Email：83680337@qq.com

张兴星（1993-）女，陕西韩城人，硕士生，事主要从事精密光学加工方面的研究工作，Email：1419111795@qq.com

王玉宁（1994-）男，山西运城人，硕士生，事主要从事精密光学加工方面的研究工作，Email：304367013@qq.com

通讯作者:
蒋世磊(1963—)，男，河北石家庄人，教授，主要从事光学精密仪器设计，光电检测与校正技术方面的研究工作。Email：2429765449@qq.com

中图分类号: O439
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-13
- 修回日期: 2019-10-12
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-01

Design of solid-state array laser radar receiving optical system

School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China

Funds: Supported by Research Program of Key Laboratory of Education Department of Shaanxi Province (No. 18JS053); Key Laboratory Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No. 2013SZS14-P01)

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Corresponding author: 2429765449@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 在确保固态面阵激光雷达安全性的前提下，为了提高光学系统的像面能量均匀度以及增加光学系统所接收到的能量，保证在探测过程中的低信噪比以及对目标的可探测性，本文通过对发射激光能量和接收能量进行建模，给出了光学参数，研究了影响接收光学系统像面照度的因素。指出大视场大相对孔径高照度均匀性光学系统的设计要素，并通过ZEMAX优化分析给出了具体的实施过程。最终设计了λ=905（±5）nm，焦距为15 mm，相对孔径为1/1.4，视场角为2ω=76°的激光雷达接收镜头，系统总长小于77 mm，在空间频率为20 lp/mm处MTF值大于0.5，在0.85视场内的相对畸变小于8%，像面照度不均匀性小于7.2%。满足激光雷达的探测要求。
- 激光雷达 /
- 能量分析 /
- 光学设计 /
- 大相对孔径 /
- 相对照度
Abstract: With regards to the safety of solid-state area array lidars, in order to improve the energy uniformity of imaging plane and increase the energy received by the optical system, this paper works to ensure a low signal-to-noise ratio and the detectability of a target. The optical parameters are given by modeling the emitted and received laser energy. The factors affecting the image plane's illumination in the optical receiver are studied and the design elements of optical systems with large fields of view, large relative aperture, and high illumination uniformity are described. Through ZEMAX optimization analysis, a detailed implementation process is then provided. A lidar receiving lens with λ = 905 (±5) nm, a focal length of 15 mm, a relative aperture of 1/1.4, and a field of view 2ω = 76° was designed. The total system length was less than 77 mm, and the MTF value at the spatial frequency of 20 lp/mm was greater than 0.5. The relative distortion at the 0.85 field of view was less than 8% and the unevenness of the image plane illumination was less than 7.2%.This design meets the requirements for lidar detection.
- laser lidar /
- energy analysis /
- optical design /
- large relative aperture /
- relative intensity of illumination

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图 1 快轴功率密度分布

Figure 1. Power density distribution of fast axis

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图 2 慢轴功率密度分布

Figure 2. Power density distribution of slow axis

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图 3 激光器光场能量拟合的概率密度函数图

Figure 3. Probability density function of laser field energy fitting

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图 4 中心单位像元接收功率示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of receiving power of central unit pixel

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图 5 边缘单位像元接收功率示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of receiving power of edge unit pixel

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图 6 全塑非球面光学镜组

Figure 6. All plastic aspheric lens group

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图 7 双高斯光学镜组

Figure 7. Double gaussian optical lens group

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图 8 反远距光学镜组

Figure 8. Reflective telephoto optical mirror group

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图 9 反远距物镜结构图

Figure 9. Reflective telephoto objective structure

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图 10 复杂前组及后组结构图

Figure 10. Complex pre-group and post-group structure diagram

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图 11 广角反摄远光学系统初始结构图

Figure 11. Initial structure of wide-angle inverse telephoto optical system

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图 12 采用本文设计结果的光学系统结构图

Figure 12. Structure diagram of optical system applied the design results in this paper

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图 13 光学系统弥散斑点列图

Figure 13. Dispersion speckle pattern of optical system

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图 14 光学系统MTF曲线图

Figure 14. MTF curves of optical system

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图 15 光学系统相对照度曲线图

Figure 15. Relative illumination curve of optical system

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图 16 光学系统场曲畸变图

Figure 16. Field distortion diagram of optical system

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图 17 系统衍射圆包围能量图

Figure 17. Energy diagram of diffraction circle surrounded system

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图 18 80次Monte Carlo灵敏度分析后MTF曲线

Figure 18. MTF curves after 80 Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses

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表 1 概率密度函数参数

Table 1. Parameters of probability density function

参数	a_x	b_x	c_x	a_y1	a_y2
数值	5.58	0.820 7	16.91	9.508	−0.562

参数	a_y3	a_y4	b_y1	b_y2	c_y
数值	0.144 5	0.237 8	−0.181 6	−2.311	3.626

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表 2 积分时间为1.2×10⁻⁶ s单像元接收光能量的光电转换值

Table 2. Photoelectric conversion value of single pixel receiving light energy when integration time is 1.2×10⁻⁶ s

项目	光子数	电子数	电压 / V
中心	3.024×10³	604.796 8	6.451×10⁻⁴
快轴边缘	26.157 0	5.231 4	5.580×10⁻⁶
慢轴边缘	26.157 0	4.761 1	5.078×10⁻⁶

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表 3 积分时间为2×10⁻² s单像元接收光能量的光电转换值

Table 3. Photoelectric conversion value of single pixel receiving light energy when integration time is 2×10⁻² s

项目	光子数	电子数	电压 / V
中心	5.040×10⁷	1.008×10⁷	2×10⁻²
快轴边缘	4.359 5×10⁵	8.719 0×10⁴	10.751 9
慢轴边缘	3.967 6×10⁵	7.935 2×10⁴	0.093 0

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表 4 光学参数表

Table 4. Optical parameter table

Items	Requirement
Field of view(FOV)/(°)	76
Relative aperture	1/1.4
Focal length/mm	15
Spectral range/μm	0.895~0.910
Relative distortion @ 0.8 FOV	<10%
Llumination uniformity	<10%
Dispersion spot radius/μm	20
MTF@20 lp/mm	>0.5

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表 5 光学结构参数

Table 5. Parameters of optical structure

Surface	Radius/mm	Thickness/mm	Glass	Conic
1OBJECT	37.384	2	H-ZLAF53B	0
2	15.434	8		0
3	36.146	3	EP8000	−3.241
4	17.647	15		−0.111
5	32.146	6	H-QF3	0
6	−45.553	1		0
7STOP	Infinity	8.394		0
8	−58.153	3	H-ZLAF92	0
9	−124.417	0.957		0
10	95.702	4.927	H-ZLAF90	0
11	−53.595	0.723		0
12	2 848.534	4	EP8000	39.972
13	−67.378	28.409		9.173
14IMACE	Infinity

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表 6 非球面高次项数据表

Table 6. High-order data of aspheric mirror

Surface	2nd	4th	6th	8th
12	0	−1.573×10⁻⁵	2.001×10⁻⁸	−9.333×10⁻¹⁰
13	0	1.065×10⁻⁵	−7.026×10⁻⁸	3.473×10⁻¹⁰

Surface	10th	12th	14th	16th
12	4.642×10⁻¹²	−1.225×10⁻¹⁴	−1.047×10⁻¹⁷	9.050×10⁻²⁰
13	−2.131×10⁻¹²	−1.311×10⁻¹⁴	3.658×10⁻¹⁷	−6.123×10⁻²⁰

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表 7 公差参数表

Table 7. Tolerance parameters

Items	Value
Fringe power/λ	3~5
Surface irregular/λ	0.2~0.3
Thickness/mm	0.05~0.08
Airspace/mm	0.01~0.02
Tilt/(')	0.5~0.9
Decenter&Roll/mm	0.05~0.07
Refractive index	0.000 5~0.000 7
Abbe number	0.005~0.007

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