The integrated three dimensional optical lattice system for confining ultra-cold atoms
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摘要: 为优化用于冷原子装载的三维光晶格囚禁势阱，提出一种一体式结构且具有腔增强效果的三维光晶格系统。基于激光与原子的相互作用理论，对用于碱土金属88Sr冷原子囚禁的光晶格势阱进行研究，通过对Lamb-Dicke参数η的讨论得到该势阱束缚能力对阱中原子的作用效果，当η < < 1时，原子被强束缚，与载波跃迁相关的拉比辐射值最大，边带激发跃迁被抑制。通过使一束入射激光在多个特殊角度设置的反射镜之间传播，实现3对激光之间相互正交的三维光晶格。研究结果表明，在实现相等势阱深度的前提下，该三维光晶格系统所需激光功率仅为传统晶格系统激光功率的1/15，此时势阱深度最大值为86 μK，对温度在几个或十几μK量级的锶冷原子囚禁是非常有效的，并得到晶格轴向上的囚禁频率约为158 kHz，相应的η为0.17。此外，还表明晶格光场偏振态对该三维光晶格势阱的稳定性分布具有明显的影响，可通过使各维度光束的偏振相互垂直，消除干涉引入的负面影响。该一体式三维光晶格能够降低对原子本身的干扰，有利于准确捕捉晶格势阱中，被囚禁原子的内部信息。该研究为实现高效光晶格装载冷锶原子及其它碱土金属原子提供理论参考。Abstract: In order to optimize the trapping potential well of the lattice, an integrated three-dimensional(3-D) optical lattice system with cavity enhancement effect is proposed. Based on the theory of laser-atom interaction, the potential well for loading alkaline-earth metal 88Sr atoms is studied. The effects of confinement ability on cold atoms is obtained by discussing the Lamb-Dicke parameter η. When η < < 1, atoms are confined tightly in the well and the Rabi radiations associated with the carrier transition have maximum values. The sideband transition is suppressed. Three pairs of lasers are placed orthogonally to each other to form a three-dimensional optical lattice by making an incident laser propagate among mirrors set at several special angles. Results show that the input laser power required by this 3-D optical lattice system is only 1/15 of the power of the traditional system and the maximum depth of the potential well is 86 μK. The trapping frequency along the axis of the lattice is about 158 kHz and the corresponding parameter is only 0.17. It is also shown that the polarization characteristics of the lattice laser have a significant influence on the stability of the potential well distribution. This negative influence of instability induced by interference can be eliminated by perpendicular polarization between beams in each dimension. The integrated three-dimensional optical lattice can reduce the interference to the atom itself and is conducive to the precise detection of the trapped atom. This study provides a theoretical reference for efficiently loading cold Strontium atoms and other alkaline earth metal atoms into the optical lattice in experiments.
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Key words:
- laser /
- optical lattice /
- integrated structure /
- cavity enhancement /
- laser phase
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图 1 装载冷原子的一维光晶格结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of one-dimensional optical lattice confining cold atoms
图 2 在不同振动量子数下，原子内部拉比辐射速率与Lamb-Dicke参数之间的关系
Figure 2. The relationship between Rabi radiation rate and parameter η of atoms under different vibrational quantum numbers
图 3 一体式三维光晶格系统示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of integrated three-dimensional optical lattice
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