大口径空间巡天望远镜子孔径拼接平场定标法

逯诗桐; 张天一; 张晓辉

doi:10.37188/CO.2019-0252

大口径空间巡天望远镜子孔径拼接平场定标法

doi: 10.37188/CO.2019-0252

逯诗桐^{1, 2,},
张天一^1,,
张晓辉^1, ,

1.
中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所，吉林长春 130033
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金：（No. 61875190）。

详细信息

作者简介:
逯诗桐（1994—），女，吉林长春人，博士研究生，2017年于吉林大学获得学士学位，现就读于中国科学院大学长春光学精密机械与物理研究所，主要从事大口径天文空间光学检测与定标技术研究。E-mail：lushitong123@sina.cn

张天一（1989—），男，吉林长春人，2018年于中国科学院大学获得博士学位，主要从事光学检测方面的研究。E-mail：tyzhang@niaot.ac.cn

张晓辉（1967—），女，吉林长春人，研究员，博士生导师，1991年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得硕士学位，主要从事光学检测、像质评价技术等方面的研究。E-mail：zhangxiaohui0123@163.com

中图分类号: TP394.1；TH691.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-01-03
- 修回日期: 2020-02-18
- 网络出版日期: 2020-09-01
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-05

Flat-field calibration method for large diameter survey mirror aperture splicing

LU Shi-tong^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Tian-yi^1
,,
ZHANG Xiao-hui^{1
, ,}

1.
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61875190).

More Information

Corresponding author: zhangxiaohui0123@163.com

摘要

摘要: 大口径空间巡天望远镜的精确平场定标是实现既定科学目标的重要前提。目前普遍是通过平场屏幕或大口径积分球提供均匀平场基准来检验像面响应一致性。针对平场屏幕照明均匀性差，超大口径积分球制备困难等问题，本文提出了一种基于子孔径扫描的平场定标方法，以改善平场基准的均匀性及杂散光导致的定标不确定度。首先，完成子孔径平场定标理论分析，建立子孔径平场定标数学模型，规划子孔径扫描路线及扫描孔径大小，进行标定用准直系统参数的初设计。其次，完成像面照度仿真验证实验。最后，搭建实验平台，对规划的子孔径进行扫描，构建全口径照度数据，验证上述大口径空间巡天望远镜子孔径拼接平场定标方案的可行性。实验结果表明：以全口径为基准，用子孔径拼接法扫描待测系统像面能量叠加对比全口径像面照度，能够恢复全口径的照度信息，全口径像面灰度值为231.085，单个子孔径叠加灰度值为233.350，误差为1%，本文研究表明子孔径拼接法可用于大口径巡天望远镜的平场定标，具有实际应用价值。
- 大口径 /
- 平场定标 /
- 巡天望远镜 /
- 子孔径拼接
Abstract: The accurate flat-field calibration of large-diameter space survey telescopes is an important prerequisite for achieving some established scientific goals. At present, it is common practice to provide a uniform flat-field reference through a flat-field screen or a large-diameter integrating sphere, which is used to check the consistency of an image’s plane response. To address issues with the uniformity of flat-field screen illumination and the difficulty of preparing large-size integrating spheres, a flat-field calibration method based on sub-aperture scanning is proposed in this paper, which improves the uniformity of the flat-field reference and the uncertain calibration caused by stray light. First, we complete a sub-aperture flat-field calibration theory analysis, establish a sub-aperture flat-field calibration mathematical model, plan the sub-aperture scanning route and scan aperture size, and perform the initial design of the parameters of the collimation system for calibration. Secondly, we complete the image surface illumination simulation verification experiment. Finally, we set up an experiment to scan the planned sub-apertures, build full-aperture illuminance data, and verify the feasibility of the above-mentioned large-aperture space survey telescope sub-aperture stitching flat-field calibration scheme. The experimental results show that the full-aperture illuminance information can be restored using the full-aperture stitching method to scan the image surface energy of the system and by using the sub-aperture stitching method to compare and contrast the full-aperture image surface illuminance. The superimposed gray value in our experiment was 233.350 and the error was 1%. It is therefore verified that the sub-aperture stitching method can be used for flat-field calibration of large-diameter sky survey telescopes, and has practical value in real-world applications.
- large diameter /
- flat-field calibration /
- survey telescope /
- sub-aperture stitching

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图 1 平场定标系统原理图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of flat field calibration system

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图 2 子孔径扫描路径规划示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of subaperture scanning route planning

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图 3 准直系统示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of collimation system

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图 4 波前分布图

Figure 4. Wavefront distribution map

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图 5 点列图

Figure 5. Spot Diagram

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图 6 准直系统出射光照度分布示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of luminance distribution of collimating system

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图 7 全视场照度均匀分布示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of uniform distribution of full field illumination

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图 8 仿真建模图

Figure 8. Diagram of simulated model

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图 9 全口径扫描像面照度仿真分析

Figure 9. Simulation diagram of illumination of full-aperture scanning image surface

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图 11 实验室平场定标实验装置图

Figure 11. Experimental equipment diagram of flat field calibration

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图 12 子孔径扫描分布关系示意图

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of distribution relation of subaperture scanning

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图 13 全口径像面CCD采集原始图像

Figure 13. Original image captured by full aperture image plane CCD

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图 14 子孔径像面CCD采集原始图像

Figure 14. Original image captured by the sub-aperture image plane CCD

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图 15 灰度值均值计算流程图

Figure 15. Flow chart for calculating mean value of gray value

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表 1 准直系统的设计参数

Table 1. Design parameters of collimation system

序号	设计参数	具体参数值
1	焦距/mm	2500
2	口径/mm	250
3	F数	10
4	视场大小/mm	2.2

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表 2 实验设备及性能参数

Table 2. Experimental equipment and performance parameters

序号	设备名称	性能参数
1	光源（白光LED）	功率 5 W
2	积分球	开口直径2 mm
3	平行光管	口径150 mm；焦距1600 mm
4	分划板	孔大小为2 mm
5	光阑	尺寸 150 mm 透光口直径 50 mm
6	待测光学系统	尼康镜头：口径 150 mm 焦距 800 mm 像面尺寸 8.8 mm×6.6 mm
7	探测器	感光芯片尺寸8.5 mm×7.1 mm 像元尺寸3.45 μm
8	便携式计算机	安装采集软件

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表 3 实验结果

Table 3. Experimental results

DN值	第一次	第二次	第三次	灰度值均值
${x_1}$	26.3921	26.3988	26.1971	$\overline {\sum\limits_{ {{i} } = 1}^{n = 9} { {x_{{i} } } } } = 224.375$
${x_2}$	26.3783	26.2942	26.3126
${x_3}$	25.8061	25.7738	25.8077
${x_4}$	26.3755	26.3671	26.380
${x_5}$	24.4763	24.4263	24.4239
${x_6}$	26.4038	26.3946	26.3548
${x_7}$	23.9231	23.9123	23.8842
${x_8}$	25.8316	25.8114	25.8091
${x_9}$	25.7138	25.7318	25.6758
${x_0}$	231.301	233.110	230.845	$\overline {{x_{\simfont\text{全}}}} {\rm{ = 231}}{\rm{.085}}$

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