基于微波光子学的准分布式光纤传感解调技术

吴妮珊; 夏历

doi:10.37188/CO.2020-0121

基于微波光子学的准分布式光纤传感解调技术

吴妮珊,
夏历^,

华中科技大学光学与电子信息学院，湖北武汉 430074

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中图分类号: O438
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-14
- 修回日期: 2020-08-13
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-02
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-23

Interrogation technology for quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing systems based on microwave photonics

doi: 10.37188/CO.2020-0121

WU Ni-shan,
XIA Li^,

School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Funds: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61675078)

More Information

Author Bio:
WU Nishan (1995—), female, born in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. She received her bachelor's degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2017. She is now a doctoral candidate in the School of Optics and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. She is mainly engaged in the research on the demodulation of optical fiber sensing network. E-mail: nswu@hust.edu.cn

XIA Li (1976—), male, born in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. He is a doctor, professor and doctoral supervisor. In 2004, he received his doctorate from Tsinghua University. Later he worked as a postdoctor and research fellow in the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. In 2009, he joined the School of Optics and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. He is mainly engaged in the research of chemical and biological OFS design, OFS microstructure application and OFS network, etc. E-mail: xiali@hust.edu.cn

Corresponding author: xiali@hust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 准分布式光纤传感系统在土木工程、能源勘测、航空航天、国防、化工等领域一直发挥着不可替代的重要作用。以微波光子学为基础的准分布式光纤传感解调技术被广泛应用于光纤复用系统的快速、高精度的信号解调与传感器定位。与传统的光学波长解调方案相比，该技术大幅提高了系统的解调速率，弥补了传统解调方法在传感器定位方面的缺陷。本文主要介绍了近年来国内外在基于微波光子学的准分布式光纤传感解调领域的研究进展，从光纤光栅准分布式传感系统和光纤法布里-珀罗准分布式传感系统两方面入手，对比分析了现有的数种微波解调光纤准分布式系统的优缺点，并对基于微波光子学的准分布式光纤传感解调技术的未来发展方向进行了总结与展望。
- 射频光子学 /
- 准分布式传感 /
- 光纤传感解调 /
- 光纤布拉格光栅 /
- 光纤法布里-珀罗
Abstract: Quasi-distributed fiber sensing systems play an important role in the fields of civil engineering, energy surveying, aerospace, national defense, chemicals, etc. Interrogation technology for quasi-distributed fiber sensing systems based on microwave photonics is widely used in high-speed and high-precision signal demodulation and sensor positioning in optical fiber multiplexing systems. Compared to conventional optical wavelength interrogation, this technology greatly improves system demodulation rate and compensates for the defects of traditional sensor positioning methods. This paper introduces the recent research progress of quasi-distributed fiber sensing interrogation technology based on microwave photonics; compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of several existing microwave demodulation systems from the perspective of their fiber grating quasi-distributed sensing and fiber Fabry-Perot quasi-distributed sensing systems, respectively; and provides a summary of the prospective direction of future research in quasi-distributed fiber sensing interrogation technology based on microwave photonics.
- radiofrequency photonics /
- quasi-distributed sensing /
- fiber sensing interrogation /
- fiber bragg gratings /
- fiber Fabry-Pérot

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图 1 基于MPF的光纤光栅准分布式传感解调系统示意图

Figure 1. Diagram of FBG quasi-distributed sensing demodulation system based on MPF

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图 2 基于矢量网络分析仪的MPF光纤光栅准分布式传感解调系统示意图

Figure 2. Diagram of MPF FBG quasi-distributed sensing demodulation system based on VNA

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图 3 基于MPF的弱反光纤光栅准分布式传感解调系统^[21]

Figure 3. Weak-reflection FBG quasi-distributed sensing demodulation system based on MPF^[21]

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图 4 基于多抽头MPF的超短光栅差分解调系统及其基本原理示意图^[24]

Figure 4. Basic structure and principle of ultra-short-FBG differential demodulation system based on multi-tap MPF^[24]

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图 5 基于双Sagnac环和差分滤波的WDM准分布式传感微波解调系统。(a)系统结构示意图；(b)双Sagnac环光谱图；(c)由频域响应逆傅里叶变换得到的时域响应谱^[27]。

Figure 5. WDM quasi-distributed sensing microwave demodulation system based on double Sagnac loops and differential filtering. (a) System structure diagram; (b) Spectra of double Sagnac loops; (c) Time-domain response spectrum obtained from frequency response IFFT^[27]

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图 6 基于DCF的微波光子外差准分布式光栅解调系统^[32]

Figure 6. Microwave photon heterodyne quasi-distributed grating demodulation system based on DCF^[32]

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图 7 基于混沌源IOFDR的超弱光纤光栅准分布式传感解调系统示意图^[35]

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of ultra-weak FBG quasi-distributed sensing demodulation system based on chaos source IOFDR^[35]

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图 8 OEO系统基本结构示意图

Figure 8. Basic structure of OEO system

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图 9 基于OCMI技术的光纤FP准分布式传感解调系统^[38]

Figure 9. Fiber FP quasi-distributed sensing demodulation system based on OCMI technique^[38]

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图 10 基于CMPI技术的光纤FP准分布式传感解调系统示意图^[44]

Figure 10. Fiber FP quasi-distributed sensing demodulation system based on CMPI technique^[44]

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表 1 Comparison of different microwave demodulation concepts for FBG quasi-distributed system

Table 1. Comparison of different microwave demodulation concepts for FBG quasi-distributed system

Demodulation concept	Multiplexing capacity/piece/m	Spatial resolution/m	Demodulation rate	Other characteristics
Microwave photonic filter structure^[23]	500 (experiment)	0.2	Limited by the VNA scanning rate	Capable of demodulating the dense systems with a spacing less than coherence length
Microwave photonic filter structure + wide-spectrum differential filtering^[27]	19400 (theory)	0.1	Limited by the VNA scanning rate	Suitable for the demodulation of WDM system; immune to power fluctuations
Microwave photonic heterodyne +DCF-SMF dual-channel demodulation^[33]	105 (experiment)	1	80 kHz	Dynamic demodulation; wavelength demodulation accuracy: 6.96 pm
Incoherent optical frequency domain reflection from chaotic sources^[34]	3640 (experiment)	0.1	Limited by the wavelength scanning rate of light source	Low coherent noise; capable of demodulating a large-scale multiplexing system
Optoelectronic oscillator structure^[39]	62 (theory)	1	0.61 s	Signal-to-noise ratio > 35 dB; frequency instability < 28 kHz

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