基于摄影测量的定日镜面形误差检测方法研究

魏秀东; 张凡; 许英朝

doi:10.37188/CO.2021-0210

基于摄影测量的定日镜面形误差检测方法研究

doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0210

魏秀东^1, ,,
张凡^1,,
许英朝²

1.
长春理工大学空间光电技术研究所，吉林长春 130022
2.
厦门理工学院光电与通信工程学院，福建厦门 361024

基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金面上项目（No. 2019J01876）

详细信息

作者简介:
魏秀东（1979—），男，河北河间人，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，2004年7月于吉林大学通信工程学院光信息科学与技术专业获得工学学士学位；2009年于中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所获得光学博士学位。主要从事太阳能光热发电聚光系统设计及光学性能检测技术的研究。E-mail：weixiudong211@163.com

张　凡（1997—），男，湖北黄冈人，硕士研究生，2020年于河北大学物理科学与技术学院光电信息科学与工程专业获得理学学士学位。主要从事图像处理与光学检测等方面的研究。E-mail：1964073326@qq.com

中图分类号: TP751.1;TK519
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-06
- 修回日期: 2022-01-04
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-12

The measurement method of heliostat surface shape error based on photogrammetry

1.
Institute of Space Optoelectronics Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
2.
School of Optoelectronics and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China

Funds: Supported by Fujian Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2019J01876)

More Information

Corresponding author: weixiudong211@163.com

摘要

摘要:
在塔式太阳能热发电中，定日镜面形误差对镜场光学效率具有重要影响，因此需要对定日镜面形误差进行检测。定日镜一般由多个子镜拼接而成，子镜的倾斜角度误差是定日镜面形误差的重要组成部分。本文提出一种基于摄影测量的定日镜子镜倾斜角度误差的检测方法，即在已知定日镜子镜外形尺寸的条件下，利用摄影成像原理计算出定日镜子镜4个角点的空间位置坐标，进而求出子镜的法线方向，再利用所求得的法线计算出子镜的倾斜角度，最终实现对定日镜子镜倾斜角度误差的检测。本文详细阐述了该方法的测量原理，推导了计算公式，并利用平面镜与相机进行了相关验证实验。通过在不同距离下对不同倾斜角度的平面镜进行测量实验，得出测量镜面倾斜角度与实际倾斜角度的偏差约为0.1°~0.3°，实验结果表明：该方法能够较准确地检测定日镜子镜的倾斜角度误差，验证了该方法的正确性和可行性。
- 定日镜 /
- 子镜 /
- 摄影测量 /
- 法线方向 /
- 倾斜角度 /
- 面形检测
Abstract:
In the tower solar thermal power plant, the heliostat mirror shape errors have an important impact on the optical efficiency of the heliostat field, so it is necessary to measure the heliostat surface shape error. The heliostat is generally made up of splicing multiple sub-mirrors, the tilt angle error of the sub-mirror is an important part of the heliostat mirror shape errors. This paper proposes a measurement method for the tilt angle errors of the heliostat sub-mirror based on the photogrammetry. That is, under the condition of known the shape size of the heliostat sub-mirror, the spatial position coordinates of the 4 corner points of the heliostat sub-mirror are calculated by using the principle of photographic imaging. Then the normal direction of the sub-mirror is found, and the tilt angle of the sub-mirror is calculated by using the normal line obtained. Finally, the measurement for the tilt angle error of the heliostat sub-mirror is achieved. In this paper, the measurement principle of the method is elaborated, the calculation formula is derived, and relevant verification experiments were carried out using planar mirrors and cameras. By measuring the plane mirror with different tilt angles at different distances, the deviation between the measured tilt angle and the actual tilt angle of the plane mirror is about 0.1°~0.3°, and the experimental results show that the method can accurately measure the tilt angle error of the sub-mirror of heliostat, thus the correctness and feasibility of the method are verified.
- heliostat /
- sub-mirror /
- photogrammetry /
- normal direction /
- tilt angle /
- surface shape detection

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图 1 测量原理示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the measurement principle

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图 2 子镜平面成像示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of submirror plane imaging

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图 3 实验装置示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus

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图 4 1.3 m处相机采集的平面镜照片

Figure 4. Flat mirror photos taken by the camera at 1.3 m

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图 5 1.3 m处角度误差随所测角度变化的柱状图

Figure 5. Histogram of angular deviation varying with the measured angle at 1.3 m

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图 6 Matlab程序模拟的平面镜4个角点的空间位置图

Figure 6. Spatial position map of 4 corner points of a planar mirror simulated by Matlab program

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图 7 1.6 m处相机采集的平面镜照片

Figure 7. Flat mirror photos taken by the camera at 1.6 m

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图 8 1.6 m处角度误差随所测角度变化的柱状图

Figure 8. Histogram of angular deviation varying with the measured angle at 1.6 m

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图 9 Matlab程序模拟的平面镜4个角点的空间位置图

Figure 9. Spatial position map of 4 corner points of a planar mirror simulated by Matlab program

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 角度误差随距离变化的柱状图

Figure 10. A histogram of angular deviation varying with distance

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表 1 1.3 m处倾斜角度的检测结果

Table 1. Detection result of tilt angle at 1.3 m

实验组别	实际倾角/（°）	测量倾角/(°)	误差/(°)
1	10.28	10.332	+0.052
2	11.61	11.679	+0.069
3	13.76	13.747	−0.027
4	15.41	15.630	+0.220
5	16.86	16.985	+0.125
6	18.43	18.550	+0.070
7	19.48	19.667	+0.187
8	20.51	20.614	+0.104
9	21.17	21.230	+0.060
10	22.01	22.249	+0.139
11	24.25	24.505	+0.255

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表 2 1.6 m处倾斜角度的检测结果

Table 2. Detection results of tilt angle at 1.6 m

实验组别	实际倾角/(°)	测量倾角/(°)	误差/(°)
1	82.21	81.936	−0.274
2	78.31	78.419	+0.109
3	71.50	71.647	+0.147
4	64.98	64.533	−0.447
5	59.97	59.808	−0.162
6	56.89	56.574	−0.316
7	50.66	50.502	−0.158
8	45.21	44.845	−0.365
9	41.84	41.743	−0.097
10	34.72	35.617	+0.103

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表 3 不同距离下对倾角为16.81°和10.28°平面镜的测量结果

Table 3. Measurement results for the mirror with the tilt angles of 16.81° and 10.28° at different distances

实验组别	距离/m	检测倾角（°）		误差（°）		平均误差/（°）
实验组别	距离/m	10.28°	16.81°	10.28°	16.81°	平均误差/（°）
1	0.8	10.478	16.985	+0.198	+0.175	+0.186
2	1.0	10.345	16.819	+0.065	+0.009	+0.037
3	1.2	10.359	16.654	+0.079	−0.156	−0.038
4	1.4	10.278	16.639	−0.002	−0.171	−0.086
5	1.6	10.342	16.481	+0.062	−0.329	−0.134
6	1.8	10.250	16.586	−0.030	−0.224	−0.127
7	2.0	10.213	16.657	−0.067	−0.153	−0.110
8	2.2	10.241	16.523	−0.039	−0.287	−0.163
9	2.4	10.189	16.481	−0.091	−0.329	−0.210

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