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摘要:
红外偏振成像技术具有探测距离远，目标识别率高等多种优势，但在复杂环境下目标偏振特性易受背景辐射影响，使得红外偏振设备的探测能力大幅降低。本文基于偏振双向反射分布函数，综合考虑目标和背景间的辐射耦合效应，建立了目标偏振度计算模型。对比研究了有强辐射背板和无强辐射背板两种情况下目标偏振度的变化情况，并针对陆基和机载探测等小角度探测情况，仿真研究了目标和背板的温度、夹角等参数对目标偏振度的影响规律。研究结果表明：目标和背板温度相同时，辐射耦合效应会显著降低目标的偏振度，但不会改变目标偏振度随温度升高而增大的趋势。当目标和背板温度为30 °C、40 °C和50 °C时，目标偏振度的最大值分别为无强辐射背板时的63.7%、44.9%和42.2%。可见温度越高，目标和背板间的辐射耦合效应越强，目标偏振度降低的比例越大。此外，辐射耦合效应的强弱不仅与温度有关，还与目标和背板的夹角有关。随着夹角的增大，目标偏振度先增大后减小，且在夹角约为105°处取得极大值。因此，辐射耦合效应会在一定程度上改变目标偏振度，从而影响红外偏振设备的探测能力。最后，通过搭建的长波红外偏振成像系统，对建立的目标偏振度计算模型进行了实验验证，实验结果与仿真分析结果基本一致。本文研究成果对提升陆基和机载红外偏振设备的探测和识别能力具有一定的指导意义。
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关键词:
- 红外辐射 /
- 线偏振度 /
- 偏振双向反射分布函数 /
- 辐射耦合效应
Abstract:Infrared polarization imaging technology has the advantages of long detection range and high rate of target recognition. However, the polarization characteristics of targets are easily affected by background radiation in complex environments, which significantly reduces the detection capability of infrared polarization equipment. Based on the polarized Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (pBRDF), this paper establishes a calculation model for the target’s Degree of Linear Polarization (DoLP), comprehensively considering the radiation coupling effect between the target and the background. The variation of the target’s DoLP under two conditions - with and without a strong radiation backplate – is then comparatively studied. Additionally, in order to solve problems of land-based and airborne small-angle detection, simulation research is done to find out how the target’s DoLP is influenced by parameters such as the temperatures and the included angle between the target and the backplate. Research results show that the radiation coupling effect significantly reduces the target’s degree of polarization when the temperatures of the target and the backplate are the same, but it does not change the trend of the target’s degree of polarization, which increases with an increase in temperature. When the temperature of the target and the backplate is 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C, the maximum degree of polarization of the target is 63.7%, 44.9%, and 42.2% of those without a strong radiation backplate, respectively. It can be concluded then that the higher the temperature, the stronger the radiation coupling effect between the target and the backplate, and the greater the reduction of the target’s degree of polarization; and that the strength of the radiation coupling effect is not only related to the temperature, but also to the included angle between the target and the backplate. With the increase of the included angle, the target’s DoLP first increases and then decreases, and the maximum value is obtained when the included angle is about 105°. Therefore, the radiation coupling effect changes the target’s DoLP to a certain extent, thereby affecting the detection ability of the infrared polarization equipment. Finally, through building a long-wave infrared polarization imaging system, the established calculation model of the target’s degree of polarization is verified by experiments, whose results are basically consistent with those of the simulation analysis. Overall, the research results in this paper have certain guiding significance for improving the detection and identification capabilities of land-based and airborne infrared polarization equipment.
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图 1 红外辐射模型。
${\theta _{\rm{O}}}$ 和${\theta _{\rm{B}}}$ 分别为目标和背板的入射角,${\alpha _{{\rm{O}}\_{\rm{B}}}}$ 为目标和背板的夹角Figure 1. The model of infrared radiation.
${\theta _{\rm{O}}}$ and${\theta _{\rm{B}}}$ are the incidence angle of the object and the background plate respectively;${\alpha _{{\rm{O}}\_{\rm{B}}}}$ is the angle between the object and the background plate
图 3 辐射耦合效应对目标偏振度的影响。（a）s, p方向的反射率；（b）目标偏振度；（c）目标的辐射偏振度和反射偏振度
Figure 3. Influence of RCE on the DoLP of object. (a) Reflectance of the s-polarized and p-polarized components; (b) DoLP of the object; (c) the DoLP of reflection and emission of object
图 4 温度对目标偏振度的影响。（a）目标偏振度；（b）
$ {S_0} $ 分量；（c）$ {S_1} $ 分量Figure 4. Influence of temperature on the DoLP of the object. (a) DoLP of the object; (b)
$ {S_0} $ component of the object; (c)$ {S_1} $ component of the object
图 5 目标偏振度图像（从上到下，目标温度分别为30 °C、40 °C、50 °C；从左到右αO_B为87°~141°, 最右侧一列为无辐射耦合效应实验结果）
Figure 5. The DoLP images of the object. Up to down, the object temperatures are 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C. Left to right, αO_B are from 87° to 141°. The rightmost column is the DoLP images without RCE
图 6 不同温度下的目标偏振度。（a）仿真与实验结果对比；（b）30 °C对比结果；（c）40 °C对比结果；（d）50 °C对比结果
Figure 6. The DoLP of the object at different temperatures. (a) Comparison between the simulation results and the experimental results; (b) comparison results at 30 °C; (c) comparison results at 40 °C; and (d) comparison results at 50 °C
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